Terminalia (plant)

Terminalia
	Terminalia catappa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Combretaceae
Genus:	Terminalia; L. (1767)
Synonyms
	List Adamaram Adans. (1763) ; Anogeissus (DC.) Guill. (1832) ; Badamia Gaertn. (1791) ; Buceras P.Browne (1756) ; Buchenavia Eichler (1866) ; Bucida L. (1759) ; Catappa Gaertn. (1791) ; Chicharronia A.Rich. (1845) ; Chuncoa Pav. ex Juss. (1789) ; Fatrea Juss. (1811) ; Finetia Gagnep. (1916) ; Gimbernatea Ruiz & Pav. (1794) ; Hudsonia A.Rob. ex Lunan (1814), nom. illeg. ; Kniphofia Scop. (1777), nom. rej. ; Myrobalanifera Houtt. (1774) ; Myrobalanus Gaertn. (1790) ; Pamea Aubl. (1775) ; Panel Adans. (1763) ; Pentaptera Roxb. (1828) ; Pteleopsis Engl. (1894) ; Ramatuela Kunth (1825) ; Ramatuella Kunth (1826), orth. var. ; Resinaria Comm. ex Lam. (1785), not validly publ. ; Tanibouca Aubl. (1775) ; Terminaliopsis Danguy (1923) ; Vicentia Allemão (1844);

Terminalia is a genus of large trees of the flowering plant family Combretaceae, comprising nearly 300 species distributed in tropical regions of the world.^[2] The genus name derives from the Latin word terminus, referring to the fact that the leaves appear at the very tips of the shoots.^[3]

Axlewood (T. latifolia) is used for its wood and tannins and as a fodder.^[4] African birch (T. leiocarpa) is used for its wood and to make yellow dye and medicinal compounds.^[5] A yellow dyestuff produced from the leaves of T. leiocarpa has traditionally been used in West Africa to dye leather.^[6]

Selected species[edit]

There are 278 accepted Terminalia species as of July 2024 according to Plants of the World Online.^[2] Selected species include:

Terminalia acuminata (Fr. Allem.) Eichl.
Terminalia albida Scott-Elliot
Terminalia amazonia (J.F.Gmel.) Exell – white olive
Terminalia anogeissiana Gere & Boatwr. – axlewood
Terminalia arbuscula Sw.
Terminalia archipelagi Coode
Terminalia arenicola Byrnes
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn. – arjuna, koha, white marudah
Terminalia arostrata Ewart & O.B.Davies – crocodile tree
Terminalia australis Cambess – palo amarillo, tanimbú
Terminalia avicennioides Guill. & Perr.
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. – beleric
Terminalia bentii (Baker) Gere & Boatwr.
Terminalia bialata (Roxb.) Steud. – Indochina, Philippines
Terminalia buceras (L.) C.Wright
Terminalia bucidoides Standley & L.O.Williams
Terminalia bursarina – Bendee
Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) Rolfe
Terminalia cambodiana Gagnep.
Terminalia canescens (DC.) Radlk. – jalool
Terminalia carolinensis Kaneh.
Terminalia catappa L. – Indian almond, tropical almond, umbrella tree
Terminalia chebula Retz. – black myrobalan, chebulic myrobalan, inknut
Terminalia cherrieri McKee
Terminalia circumalata F.Muell.
Terminalia cunninghamii C.A.Gardner – Pindan quondong
Terminalia dhofarica (A.J.Scott) Gere & Boatwr.
Terminalia eddowesii Coode
Terminalia engleri Gere & Boatwr. – terenifù (West Africa to Cameroon)
Terminalia elliptica Willd. – Indian-laurel
Terminalia eriostachya A.Rich.
Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell – billygoat plum, Kakadu plum, gubinge
Terminalia fitzgeraldii C.A.Gardner
Terminalia glabrata G.Forst.
Terminalia grandiflora Benth.
Terminalia hadleyana W.Fitzg.
Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev. – idigbo, black afara, blackbark, brimstone wood, shingle wood
Terminalia januariensis DC.
Terminalia kaernbachii Warb. – okari nut
Terminalia kangeanensis Slooten
Terminalia kuhlmannii Alwan & Stace
Terminalia kumpaja R.L.Barrett
Terminalia latifolia Sw.
Terminalia latipes Benth.
Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill.
Terminalia littoralis L.
Terminalia macroptera Guill. & Perr.
Terminalia microcarpa Decne.
Terminalia muelleri Benth. – Australian almond
Terminalia myriocarpa Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.
Terminalia neotaliala – Madagascar almond tree
Terminalia nitens C.Presl
Terminalia novocaledonica Däniker
Terminalia oblongata F.Muell.
Terminalia paniculata Roth
Terminalia parviflora Thwaites
Terminalia pellucida C.Presl
Terminalia pendula (Edgew.) Gere & Boatwr. (incorporating T. phillyreifolia)
Terminalia petiolaris Benth. – marool
Terminalia platyphylla F.Muell.
Terminalia platyptera F.Muell.
Terminalia polycarpa Engl. & Diels
Terminalia porphyrocarpa F.Muell. ex Benth.
Terminalia prunioides M.A.Lawson
Terminalia reitzii Excell
Terminalia rerei Coode
Terminalia richii A.Gray
Terminalia rostrata Fosberg & Falanruw
Terminalia schimperiana Hochst.
Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. – silver terminalia
Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels – limba
Terminalia triptera Stapf. (syn. T. nigrovenulosa Pierre)
Terminalia volucris Benth.

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b "Genus: Terminalia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
^ ^a ^b "Terminalia L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
^ "Terminalia catappa - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
^ Heuzé V., Tran G., 2016. Axlewood (Anogeissus latifolia). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/186 Last updated on March 22, 2016, 14:20
^ Heuzé V., Tran G., Renaudeau D., Bastianelli D., 2016. African birch (Anogeissus leiocarpa). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/701 Last updated on March 15, 2016, 11:53
^ Dalziel, J.M. (1926). "African Leather Dyes". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 230. JSTOR 4118651.

[GRIN-1] "Genus: Terminalia L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2021-04-18.

[powo-2] "Terminalia L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 July 2024.

[mobotpf-3] "Terminalia catappa - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.

[4] Heuzé V., Tran G., 2016. Axlewood (Anogeissus latifolia). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/186 Last updated on March 22, 2016, 14:20

[5] Heuzé V., Tran G., Renaudeau D., Bastianelli D., 2016. African birch (Anogeissus leiocarpa). Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/701 Last updated on March 15, 2016, 11:53

[6] Dalziel, J.M. (1926). "African Leather Dyes". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 230. JSTOR 4118651.

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