Lattice tower
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tour_Eiffel_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/220px-Tour_Eiffel_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg)
A lattice tower or truss tower is a freestanding vertical framework tower. This construction is widely used in transmission towers carrying high-voltage electric power lines, in radio masts and towers (a self-radiating tower or as a support for aerials) and in observation towers. Its advantage is good shear strength at a much lower weight than a tower of solid construction would have as well as lower wind resistance.
In structural engineering, the term lattice tower is used for a freestanding structure, while a lattice mast is a guyed mast supported by guy lines. Lattices of triangular (three-sided) cross-section are most common, particularly in North America. Square (four-sided) lattices are also widely used and are most common in Eurasia. A lattice towers is often designed as either a space frame or a hyperboloid structure.
Before 1940, they were used as radio transmission towers especially for short and medium wave. Occasionally lattice towers consisting of wood were utilized. The tallest wooden lattice tower was at Mühlacker, Germany. It had a height of 190 metres (620 ft) and was built in 1934 and demolished in 1945. Most wood lattice towers were demolished before 1960. In Germany, the last big radio towers consisting of wood were the transmission towers of the Golm transmitter and the transmitter Ismaning. They were demolished in 1979 and 1983 respectively.
The tallest free-standing lattice tower is the Tokyo Skytree, with a height of 634 metres (2,080 ft). The Petronius Compliant Tower is the tallest supported lattice tower at 640 metres (2,100 ft), being partially submerged. The city most renowned for lattice towers is Cincinnati, Ohio, which features four towers above 900 feet in height. Tokyo is the only other city in the world that has more than one above that height.
The majority of the tallest steel lattice towers in the world are actually built in water and used as oil platforms. These structures are usually built in large pieces on land, most commonly in Texas or Louisiana, and then moved by barge to their final resting place. Since a large portion of these towers is underwater, the official height of such structures is often held in dispute. The steel lattice truss for these structures, known as jackets in the oil industry, are typically far more robust and reinforced than their land-based counterparts, sometimes weighing more than 50,000 tons as is the case for the Bullwinkle and Baldpate platforms, whereas tall (above 1,000 feet) land-based lattice towers range from a high of 10,000 tons as is the case in the Eiffel Tower to as low as a few hundred tons. They are built to a higher standard to support the weight of the oil platforms built on top of them and because of the forces to which they are subjected. As a result, the cost to build these structures can run into the hundreds of millions. These costs are justified due to the resulting oil and gas revenues, whereas land-based towers have a much lower stream of revenue and therefore the capital costs of towers are typically much less.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/DragonTower.jpg/220px-DragonTower.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/BBlaunch.jpg/220px-BBlaunch.jpg)
Timeline of world's tallest lattice tower
[edit]Since end of the 19th century, tall lattice towers were built. Lattice towers have even held the absolute height record. They are among the tallest free-standing architectural structures and hold a number of national records, such as the tallest free-standing or even overall tallest structure of a country.
Land record, iron and steel towers
[edit]Held record | Name | Location | Completed | Height (m) | Height (ft) | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | ||||||
1852 | 1881 | Carysfort Reef Light | Key Largo, Florida, US | 1852 | 36.6 | 120 | |
1881 | 1889 | San Jose electric light tower | San Jose, California, US | 1881 | 72 | 237 | Collapsed in a storm in December 1915 |
1889 | 1956 | Eiffel Tower | Paris, France | 1889 | 312.3 | 1,025 | When built held the absolute height record for tallest structure of any type in the world until 1930 |
1956 | 1957 | KCTV Broadcast Tower | Kansas City, Missouri, US | 1956 | 317.6 | 1,042 | |
1957 | 1958 | Eiffel Tower | Paris, France | 1889 | 321 | 1,053 | The Eiffel Tower regained the record when it added an antenna. |
1958 | 1973 | Tokyo Tower | Tokyo, Japan | 1957 | 333 | 1,093 | |
1973 | 2012 | Kyiv TV Tower | Kyiv, Ukraine | 1973 | 385 | 1,263 | |
2012 | current | Tokyo Skytree | Tokyo, Japan | 2012 | 634 | 2,080 |
Land record, wood towers
[edit]Held record | Name | Location | Completed | Height (m) | Height (ft) | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | ||||||
1853 | 1856 | Latting Observatory | New York City, United States | 1853 | 96 | 315 | Burned down in 1856 |
1899 | 1902 | Wardenclyffe Tower | Shoreham, United States | 1899 | 57 | 187 | |
1902 | 1926 | Towers of South Wellfleet Marconi Wireless Station | South Wellfleet, United States | 1902 | 64 | 210 | 4 towers |
1926 | 1928 | Stadelheim Transmitter | Munich-Stadelheim, Germany | 1926 | 75 | 246 | |
1928 | 1930 | Flensburg Radio Tower | Flensburg, Germany | 1928 | 90 | 295 | |
1930 | 1932 | Transmitter Heilsberg | Lidzbark Warmiński, Poland | 1930 | 102 | 335 | |
1932 | 1933 | Sendeturm Ismaning | Ismaning, Germany | 1932 | 163 | 534 | |
1933 | 1934 | Transmitter Berlin-Tegel | Berlin, Germany | 1933 | 165 | 541 | |
1934 | 1945 | Transmission Tower Mühlacker | Mühlacker, Germany | 1934 | 190 | 623 | Demolished on April 6, 1945 |
1945 | 1948 | Transmitter Berlin-Tegel | Berlin, Germany | 1933 | 165 | 541 | Demolished on December 16, 1948 |
1948 | 1983 | Sendeturm Ismaning | Ismaning, Germany | 1932 | 163 | 534 | Demolished on March 16, 1983 |
1983 | 1990 | Transmitter Żórawina | Żórawina, Poland | 1932 | 140 | 459 | Demolished during Fall 1990 |
1990 | current | Radio Tower Gliwice | Gliwice, Poland | 1935 | 118 | 387 |
Land & water record, overall
[edit]Held record | Name | Location | Completed | Height (m) | Height (ft) | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From | To | ||||||
1852 | 1853 | Carysfort Reef Light | Key Largo, Florida, US | 1852 | 36.6 | 120 | |
1853 | 1856 | Latting Observatory | New York City, United States | 1853 | 96 | 315 | Burned down in 1856, structure was an inspiration for the Eiffel Tower |
1856 | 1881 | Carysfort Reef Light | Key Largo, Florida, US | 1852 | 36.6 | 120 | |
1881 | 1889 | San Jose electric light tower | San Jose, California, US | 1881 | 72 | 237 | Built using an unusual design featuring circular cross-beams |
1889 | 1956 | Eiffel Tower | Paris, France | 1889 | 312.3 | 1,025 | Weight of iron framework 7,300 tons total weight of the tower 10,100 tons |
1956 | 1957 | KCTV Broadcast Tower | Kansas City, Missouri, US | 1956 | 317.6 | 1,042 | Weight; 600 tons |
1889 | 1958 | Eiffel Tower | Paris, France | 1889 | 321 | 1,053 | |
1958 | 1973 | Tokyo Tower | Tokyo, Japan | 1957 | 333 | 1,093 | Weight; 4,000 tons |
1973 | 1977 | Kyiv TV Tower | Kyiv, Ukraine | 1973 | 385 | 1,263 | Weight; 3,000 tons |
1977 | 1989 | Cognac Platform | Gulf of Mexico | 1977 | 385.5 | 1,265 | Weight; 45,000 tons[1] or 59,000 tons[2] |
1989 | 1998 | Bullwinkle Platform | Gulf of Mexico | 1989 | 529 | 1,736 | Weight of the steel jacket 49,375 tons, total weight of the platform 72,000 tons |
1998 | 2000 | Baldpate Compliant Tower | Gulf of Mexico | 1998 | 581.5 | 1,908 | Weight of the steel jacket 28,900 tons, total weight of the platform 38,700 tons |
2000 | current | Petronius Compliant Tower | Gulf of Mexico | 2012 | 640 | 2,100 | Weight of the steel jacket 43,000 tons, total weight of the platform 50,500 tons. When built held the absolute height record for tallest structure of any type in the world until 2010. |
Steel lattice towers
[edit]Tallest lattice towers, all types
[edit]List of all supertall lattice tower structures in the world.
Rank | Name | Type | Year | Built in | City/location | Height m | Height ft | Cost | Weight | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Petronius Compliant Tower | Oil Platform, Compliant tower | 2000 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 640 | 2,100 | $500 million | 50,500[3] | Tallest lattice tower of any type. Supported by water | |
2 | Tokyo Skytree | Lattice tower | 2012 | Japan | Sumida, Tokyo | 634 | 2,080 | $806 million[4] | 36,000 tons[5] | Tallest free standing lattice tower | |
3 | Baldpate Compliant Tower | Oil Platform, Compliant tower | 1998 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 581.5 | 1,908 | $300 million | 38,700 tons | Tallest structure in the world 1998–2000 | |
4 | Bullwinkle Platform | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 1989 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 529 | 1,736 | $500 million | 72,000 tons | Tallest fixed/rigged structure built in water | |
5 | Benguela-Belize Lobito-Tomboco Platform[6] | Oil Platform, Compliant tower | 2008 | United States | Congo basin | 512 | 1,680 | $820 million[7] | 69,500 tons | ||
6 | Pompano Platform | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 1994 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 477 | 1,565 | 39,890 tons (not including platform)[8] | |||
7 | Tombua Landana platform[9] | Oil Platform, Compliant tower | 2009 | United States | Congo basin | 474 | 1,554 | $200 million[10] | 81,500 tons[10][11] | ||
8 | Harmony Platform[12] | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 1992 | South Korea[13] | California | 366 | 1,200 | 44,100 (not including platform)[13] | height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,500 ft or more in total height | ||
9 | Virgo Platform[12] | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 1999 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 344 | 1,130 | height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,400 ft (430 m) or more in total height | |||
10 | Coelacanth Platform[14] | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 2016 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 400 | 1,312 | ||||
11 | Heritage Platform[12] | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 1992 | South Korea[13] | California | 326 | 1,070 | 35,500 (not including platform)[13] | height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,300 ft (400 m) or more in total height | ||
12 | Cognac Platform[15] | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 1977 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 385.5 | 1,265 | $100 million[1] or $265 million[2] | 59,000 tons | ||
13 | Kyiv TV Tower | Lattice tower | 1973 | Ukraine | Kyiv | 385 | 1,263 | $12 million | |||
14 tie | Jintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, East Tower[16] | Hydro Pylon | 2019 | China | Jintang Island | 380 | 1,247 | $67 million[17] | Tallest pylons in the world | ||
14 tie | Jintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, West Tower | Hydro Pylon | 2019 | China | Jintang Island | 380 | 1,247 | $67 million | Tallest pylons in the world | ||
16 | Tashkent Tower | Lattice tower/Steel tower | 1985 | Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 374.9 | 1,230 | 6,000 tons[18] | may be categorized as a steel tower rather than a lattice tower | ||
17 tie | Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie, North tower | Hydro Pylon | 2009 | China | Damao Island | 370 | 1,214 | ||||
17 tie | Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie, South tower | Hydro Pylon | 2009 | China | Damao Island | 370 | 1,214 | ||||
19 | Amberjack Platform[12] | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 1991 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 314 | 1,030 | height listed is only to water level, likely to be 1,200 ft (370 m) or more in total height | |||
20 | Hondo Platform | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 1976 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 354.5 | 1,163 | $70 million[19] | |||
21 tie | Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin, North tower | Hydro Pylon | 2003 | China | Jiangyin | 346.5 | 1,137 | 4,000 tons[20] | |||
21 tie | Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin, South tower | Hydro Pylon | 2003 | China | Jiangyin | 346.5 | 1,137 | 4,000 tons | |||
23 | Dragon Tower | Lattice tower | 2000 | China | Harbin | 336 | 1,102 | ||||
24 | Tokyo Tower | Lattice tower | 1957 | Japan | Tokyo | 333 | 1,093 | $8.4 million | 4,000 tons | ||
25 | WITI TV Tower | Lattice tower | 1962 | United States | Shorewood, Wisconsin | 329.4 | 1,081 | ||||
26 | Cerveza Platform[21] | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 1981 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 327 | 1,073 | $90 million[22] | |||
27 | Cerveza Light Platform[21] | Oil Platform, Steel Truss | 1981 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 327 | 1,073 | $60 million[22] | |||
28 | St. Petersburg TV Tower | Lattice tower | 1962 | Russia | Saint Petersburg | 326 | 1,070 | ||||
29 | Eiffel Tower | Lattice tower | 1889 | France | Paris | 324 | 1,063 | $1.5 million | 10,100 tons | ||
30 | WHDH-TV Tower | Lattice tower | 1960 | United States | Newton, Massachusetts | 323.8 | 1,062 | ||||
31 | KCTV Broadcast Tower | Lattice tower | 1956 | United States | Kansas City, Missouri | 317.6 | 1,042 | $0.42 million | 600 tons[23] | ||
32 | Turner Broadcasting Tower | Lattice tower | 1967 | United States | Atlanta, Georgia | 314.3 | 1,031 | disassembled in 2010 | |||
33 | Yerevan TV Tower | Lattice tower | 1977 | Armenia | Yerevan | 311.7 | 1,023 | tallest structure in Armenia | |||
34 | Fazilka TV Tower | Lattice tower | 2007 | India | Fazilka | 304.8 | 1,000 | $2.1 million | 15,100 tons | tallest lattice tower in India | |
35 | Mumbai Television Tower | Lattice tower | 1972 | India | Mumbai | 300 | 984 |
Lattice towers with observation decks
[edit] indicates a structure that is no longer standing.
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tokyo Skytree | 2012 | Japan | Sumida, Tokyo | 634 m | 2080 ft | Tallest Lattice tower in the world |
Tashkent Tower | 1985 | Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 374.9 m | 1230 ft | |
Dragon Tower | 2000 | China | Harbin | 336 m | 1102 ft | |
Tokyo Tower | 1957 | Japan | Tokyo | 333 m | 1093 ft | |
Eiffel Tower | 1889 | France | Paris | 330 m | 1083 ft | |
Zhuzhou Television Tower | 1999 | China | Zhuzhou | 293 m | 961 ft | |
Shijiazhuang TV-tower | 1998 | China | Shijiazhuang | 280 m | 919 ft | |
Kaifeng TV Tower | 1995 | China | Kaifeng | 268 m | 879 ft | |
Daqing Radio and Television Tower | 1989 | China | Daqing | 260 m | 853 ft | |
Foshan TV Tower[24] | ? | China | Foshan | 238 m | 781 ft | |
Qingdao TV Tower | 1994 | China | Qingdao | 232 m | 761 ft | |
Hongguangshan TV Tower | ? | China | Ürümqi | 230 m[25] | 754 ft | |
Brasília TV Tower | 1967 | Brazil | Brasília | 224 m[26] | 735 ft | formerly the tallest structure in Brazil 1967-2004 |
Changchun Radio and Television Tower | 1997 | China | Qingdao | 218 m[27] | 715 ft | |
Guangzhou TV Tower | 1991 | China | Guangzhou | 217 m | 712 ft | |
Guangdong TV Tower[28] | 1965 | China | Guangdong | 200 m | 656 ft | |
Dalian Radio & TV Tower[29] | 1990 | China | Dalian | 191 m | 627 ft | Has a thick solid concrete core with an exterior steel lattice, it is unknown which provides most of the structural support but the steel lattice is a very prominent feature of the tower |
Nagoya TV Tower | 1954 | Japan | Nagoya | 180 m | 590 ft | |
Odinstårnet | 1935 | Denmark | Odense | 175 m | 574 ft | demolished on December 14, 1944 |
New Brighton Tower | 1900 | UK | Liverpool | 172.8 m | 567 ft | dismantled from 1919 to 1921 |
Las Vegas Eiffel Tower | 1999 | United States | Las Vegas | 165 m | 541 ft | 1:2 scale replica of Eiffel Tower |
Osaka ABC Tower | 1966 | Japan | Osaka | 160 m | 525 ft | demolished in September 2009[30] |
The Parisian Macao | 2016 | China | Macau | 160 m | 525 ft | 1:2 scale replica of Eiffel Tower |
Blackpool Tower | 1894 | United Kingdom | Blackpool | 158 m | 518 ft | |
Funkturm Berlin | 1926 | Germany | Berlin | 150 m | 492 ft | Only observation tower standing on insulators |
Sapporo TV Tower | 1957 | Japan | Sapporo | 147.2 m | 483 ft | |
Vasco-da-Gama-Tower | 1998 | Portugal | Lisbon | 145 m | 476 ft | |
Alphabetic Tower | 2012 | Georgia | Batumi | 130 m | 427 ft | |
Gettysburg National Tower | 1974 | United States | Gettysburg, Pennsylvania | 120 m | 394 ft | demolished on July 3, 2000 Hyperboloid structure |
Observation tower of la Cité de l'Énergie | 1997 | Canada | Shawinigan, Quebec | 115 m | 377 ft | |
Torre Branca | 1933 | Italy | Milan | 108.6 m | 356 ft | |
Kobe Port Tower | 1963 | Japan | Kobe | 108 m | 354 ft | |
Eiffel Tower of Window of the World | 1993 | China | Shenzhen | 108 m | 354 ft | 1:3 scale replica of Eiffel Tower |
Eiffel Tower of Tiandu City Community | 2007 | China | Macau | 108 m | 354 ft | 1:3 scale replica of Eiffel Tower |
Marine Tower Yokohama | 1961 | Japan | Yokohama | 106 m | 348 ft | |
Tsutenkaku | 1956 | Japan | Osaka | 103 m | 338 ft | |
Hakata Port Tower | 1964 | Japan | Fukuoka | 103 m | 338 ft | |
Tour métallique de Fourvière | 1894 | France | Lyon | 101 m | 331 ft | Not used as observation tower since 1953 |
Total Tower[31] | 1994 | United States | Denver | 100.6 m | 330 ft | |
Beppu Tower | 1957 | Japan | Beppu | 100 m | 328 ft | |
Eiffel Tower of Kings Island | 1972 | United States | Mason, Ohio | 96 m | 315 ft | 1:3.5 scale replica of Eiffel Tower |
Eiffel Tower of Kings Dominion | 1975 | United States | Doswell, Virginia | 96 m | 315 ft | 1:3.5 scale replica of Eiffel Tower |
Cholfirst Radio Tower | 1973 | Switzerland | Flurlingen | 96 m | 315 ft | |
Sunsphere | 1982 | United States | Knoxville | 81.07 m | 266 ft | |
Eiffel Tower replica in Bahria Town | 2014 | Pakistan | Bahria | 80 m | 262 ft | 1:4 scale replica of Eiffel Tower |
Torre Sant Sebastia | 1931 | Spain | Barcelona | 78 m | 256 ft | Harbour terminal aerial tramway |
Hiratsuka TV Tower | 1972 | Japan | Hiratsuka | 70 m | 256 ft | |
Facility 4101, Tower 93 | 1975 | Germany | Hürth | 74.84 m | 246 ft | Electricity pylon, which carried from 1977 to 2010 in a height of 27 metres (89 ft) an observation deck |
Morecambe Tower | 1898 | UK | Morecambe | 71 m | 232 ft | dismantled during the first world war,[32] built on top of a theatre |
Hot Springs Mountain Tower | 1983 | United States | Hot Springs Mountain | 65.8 m | 216 ft | |
Petřínská rozhledna | 1891 | Czech | Prague | 60 m | 197 ft | |
Bachtel Tower | 1986 | Switzerland | Hinwil | 60 m | 197 ft | |
Green Tower | 1998 | Japan | Sanbu | 60 m | 197 ft | |
Gross Reken Melchenberg Radio Tower | 2002 | Germany | Reken | 60 m | 197 ft | |
Schomberg Observation Tower | 2006 | Germany | Sundern | 60 m | 197 ft | |
Aalborgtårnet | 1933 | Denmark | Aalborg | 54.9 m | 180 ft | dismantled and rebuilt from the ground up in 2005 |
Observation Tower Ahlbeck | 1998 | Germany | Ahlbeck | 50 m | 164 ft | |
Watkins' Tower | 1891 | UK | London | 47 m | 154 ft | never completed & dismantled in 1907 was to be 358 m / 1175 ft in height |
Morsbach Observation Tower | 1962 | Germany | Morsbach | 45 m | 148 ft | |
Joseph's Cross | 1896 | Germany | Stolberg | 38 m | 124 ft | |
Poppenberg Observation Tower | 1897 | Germany | Ilfeld | 33 m | 108 ft | |
Lemberg Tower | 1899 | Germany | Lemberg Mountain | 33 m | 108 ft | |
Wanne Observation Tower | 1888 | Germany | Villingen-Schwenningen | 30 m | 98 ft | |
Gehrenberg Tower | 1903 | Germany | Markdorf | 30 m | 98 ft | |
Tower of Unity | 1962 | Germany | Heldrastein | 30 m | 98 ft | Former additionally guyed lattice tower, which was transformed into observation tower |
Gustav-Vietor-Tower | 1882 | Germany | Hohe Wurzel (Taunus) | 25 m | 82 ft | demolished in 2006 |
Observation Tower at Goetzinger's Height | 1883 | Germany | Neustadt/Saxony | 25 m | 82 ft | |
Hochfirst Tower | 1890 | Germany | Titisee-Neustadt | 25 m | 82 ft | Additionally guyed |
Büchenbronn Observation Tower | 1883 | Germany | Büchenbronn | 24.75 m | 81 ft | Additionally guyed |
Tour du Belvédère | 1898 | France | Mulhouse-Belvédère | 20 m | 65 ft | |
Salzgitter Bismarck Tower | 1900 | Germany | Salzgitter | 17 m | 56 ft | |
Gillerberg Observation Tower | 1892 | Germany | Hilchenbach | 15 m | 49 ft |
Radio tower carrying aerials
[edit]List of radio tower above 150 m / 500 ft in height.
indicates a structure that is no longer standing.
indicates a structure that has had a change in height or has been rebuilt.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zhuzhou_Tower_1.jpg/220px-Zhuzhou_Tower_1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Sutro_Tower.jpg/220px-Sutro_Tower.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Emetteur_de_Wavre.jpg/220px-Emetteur_de_Wavre.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/WSBC_Radio_Tower_Full_View_1.jpg/220px-WSBC_Radio_Tower_Full_View_1.jpg)
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Design type | Notable for |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tokyo Skytree | 2012 | Japan | Tokyo | 634 m | 2080 ft | solid reinforced concrete core[33] supported by cylindrical lattice frame | the tallest tower of any type in the world and the tallest land-based lattice tower, tallest structure in Japan |
Kyiv TV Tower | 1973 | Ukraine | Kyiv | 385 m | 1263 ft | solid steel core supported by a 6-sided lattice frame with 4 legs | tallest land based lattice tower from 1973 to 2012, tallest structure in Ukraine |
Tashkent Tower | 1985 | Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 374.9 m | 1230 ft | solid steel core supported by cylindrical lattice frame with 3 steel legs | more likely to be categorized as a steel tower than a lattice tower, tallest structure in Uzbekistan |
Dragon Tower | 2000 | China | Harbin | 336 m | 1102 ft | solid core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, 4-sided upper portion | |
Tokyo Tower | 1957 | Japan | Tokyo | 333 m | 1093 ft | 4-sided, 4 legged | tallest lattice tower in the world from 1957 to 1973 |
Eiffel Tower | 1889 | France | Paris | 330 m | 1083 ft | 4-sided, 4 legged | tallest lattice tower in the world from 1889 to 1956, has undergone multiple height changes,[34] original height of 1,024 ft (312 m) to tip of flagpole[35] |
WITI TV Tower | 1962 | United States | Shorewood, Wisconsin | 329.4 m | 1081 ft | 3-sided | tallest land based lattice tower in the United States, second tallest in the world when completed in 1962 |
St. Petersburg TV Tower | 1962 | Russia | Saint Petersburg | 326 m | 1070 ft | solid(steel) central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame | tallest lattice tower in Russia, height increase of 53 ft (16 m) in 2011 |
WHDH-TV Tower | 1960 | United States | Newton, Massachusetts | 323.8 m | 1062 ft | 3-sided | |
KCTV Broadcast Tower | 1956 | United States | Kansas City, Missouri | 317.6 m | 1042 ft | 4-sided, pyramid type | briefly became the tallest lattice tower in the world when completed in 1956 surpassing the Eiffel Tower's original height by 17 feet[34] weight; 600 tons |
Turner Broadcasting Tower | 1967 | United States | Atlanta, Georgia | 314.3 m | 1031 ft | 3-sided | disassembled in 2010 |
Yerevan TV Tower | 1977 | Armenia | Yerevan | 311.7 m | 1023 ft | solid steel core supported by 3-sided lattice frame[36] | tallest structure in Armenia |
Fazilka TV Tower | 2007 | India | Fazilka | 304.8 m | 1000 ft | 4-sided | tallest lattice tower in India |
Mumbai Television Tower | 1972 | India | Mumbai | 300 m | 984 ft | 4-sided | |
Sutro Tower | 1973 | United States | San Francisco, California | 297.8 m | 977 ft | 3 legged guyed upper section and candelabra top | |
WKRQ Tower | 1960's | United States | Cincinnati, Ohio | 294.6 m | 967 ft | 3-sided | |
Zhuzhou Television Tower | 1999 | China | Zhuzhou | 293 m | 961 ft | solid core supported by 6-sided lattice frame | |
Star Tower | 1991 | United States | Cincinnati, Ohio | 290.8 m | 954 ft | Landmark tower design | Last lattice tower above 700 feet built in the United States |
WLWT TV Tower | 1978 | United States | Cincinnati, Ohio | 289.6 m | 950 ft | 3-sided | |
Dudelange Radio Tower | 1957 | Luxembourg | Dudelange | 285 m | 935 ft | 3-sided | tallest structure in Luxembourg, rebuilt in 1981 |
Shijiazhuang TV-tower | 1998 | China | Shijiazhuang | 280 m | 919 ft | solid core supported by 8-sided lattice frame with 4 legs | |
AIR Tower | 2013 | India | Amritsar | 280 m | 919 ft | 4-sided | originally intended to be 300 m (980 ft) tall.[37] The tower's height reached a peak of 280 m (920 ft) with plans in place to further reduce its height to 100 m (330 ft)[38] due to a tilt in the tower's angle.[39] To date no work has been done to either rectify the issue or to reduce the towers height.[40][41] |
Net 25 Tower | 1990 | Philippines | Quezon City | 276.4 m | 907 ft | 3-sided | tallest structure in the Philippines |
WCPO TV Tower | 1965 | United States | Cincinnati, Ohio | 276 m | 905 ft | 3-sided | |
Perm TV tower[42] | 2016 | Russia | Perm | 275 m | 902 ft | Hyperboloid structure | weight; 657 tons[42] |
Tbilisi TV Broadcasting Tower | 1972 | Georgia | Tbilisi | 274.5 m | 901 ft | solid steel core supported by 3-sided lattice frame with 2 legs | more likely to be categorized as a steel tower than a lattice tower, tallest structure in Georgia |
RCTI TV Tower[43][44] | ? | Indonesia | Jakarta | 274 m | 900 ft | 3-sided | tallest lattice tower in Indonesia |
Kaifeng TV Tower | 1989 | China | Kaifeng | 268 m | 879 ft | solid core supported by 8-sided lattice frame with 4 legs | |
Daqing Radio and Television Tower | 1989 | China | Daqing | 260 m | 853 ft | solid core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, 4-sided upper portion | |
Moscow Octod Tower | 2006 | Russia | Moscow | 258 m | 846 ft | Hyperboloid structure | |
WTVR TV Tower | 1953 | United States | Richmond, Virginia | 257 m | 843 ft | 4-sided, pyramid type | second tallest lattice tower in the world when completed in 1953 |
Volgograd regional radio and television transmitting center[45] | 2016 | Russia | Volgograd | 256 m | 840 ft | 4-sided | |
WBNS TV Tower | 1955 | United States | Columbus, Ohio | 255.8 m | 839 ft | 3-sided | |
Grodno TV Tower | 1984 | Belarus | Grodno | 254 m | 833 ft | 4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars | tallest freestanding structure in Belarus |
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 1 | 1918 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | six of the eight towers were built by 1918, the last two were completed in 1920. The retreating German army demolished all but one of the towers in 1944[46] |
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 2 | 1918 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1944 |
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 3 | 1918 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1944 |
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 4 | 1918 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1944 |
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 5 | 1918 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1944 |
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 6 | 1920 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1944 |
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 7 | 1918 or 1920 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1944 |
Lafayette transmitter, Tower 8 | 1918 or 1920 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | the final tower was deconstructed in 1953 |
Longwave transmitter Junglinster, Tower 1 | 1932 | Luxembourg | Junglinster | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, insulated against ground | The 2nd & 3rd towers were built at a later date, all three towers were reduced in height in 1983[47][48] to 216 m (709 ft) |
Longwave transmitter Junglinster, Tower 2 | 1954 | Luxembourg | Junglinster | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, insulated against ground | height since 1983; 216 m (709 ft) |
Longwave transmitter Junglinster, Tower 3 | 1959 | Luxembourg | Junglinster | 250 m | 820 ft | 3-sided, insulated against ground | height since 1983; 216 m (709 ft) |
Novodnistrovsk TV Tower[49] | 1987 | Ukraine | Dunaivtsi | 250 m | 820 ft | 4-sided | |
Hanoi TV Tower[50] | 2013 | Vietnam | Hanoi | 250 m | 820 ft | 4-sided, 4 legged | tallest lattice tower in Vietnam |
River Road Tower[51][52] | 1965 | United States | Washington, DC | 246.6 m | 809 ft | 3-sided candelabra top | |
Seto Digital Tower | 2011 | Japan | Seto | 244.7 m | 803 ft | central lattice mast supported by 6 exterior legs | |
Vitebsk TV Tower | 1983 | Belarus | Vitebsk | 244 m | 801 ft | 4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars | |
Astara TV Tower | 1981 | Republic of Azerbaijan | Astara | 243.84 m | 800 ft | 4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars | |
Central tower (Königs Wusterhausen) | 1925 | Germany | Koenigs Wusterhausen | 243 m | 797 ft | 3-sided | collapsed during storm on November 15, 1972 |
Yakutsk TV Tower | 1982 | Russia | Yakutsk | 241.71 m | 793 ft | 4-sided | antenna; 241.7 metres 793 ft, roof; 225.7 m 740 ft[53] |
Birobidzhan TV Tower[54] | 1972 | Russia | Birobidzhan | 241 m | 791 ft | 4-sided | |
Kharkiv TV Tower | 1981 | Ukraine | Kharkiv | 240.7 m | 790 ft | solid steel core supported by 6-sided lattice frame with 3 legs | Partially destroyed by a Russian airstrike on April 22, 2024.[55] The top half of the tower collapsed, but the lower half supported by the lattice structure remains standing. |
Foshan TV Tower[24] | ? | China | Foshan | 238 m | 781 ft | solid core supported by 8-sided lattice frame with 4 legs, 4-sided upper portion[56] | |
Tower of Power | 1988 | Philippines | Quezon City | 236.8 m | 777 ft | 4-sided | |
Channel 9 TV Tower[57] | 1965 | Australia | Sydney | 233 m | 764 ft | 4-sided | disassembled in August 2021[58][59] |
Wavre Transmitter | 1983 | Belgium | Wavre | 232 m | 761 ft | 4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars | tallest lattice tower in Belgium |
Hughes Memorial Tower | 1989 | United States | Washington, DC | 232 m | 761 ft | Landmark tower design | |
Qingdao TV Tower | 1994 | China | Qingdao | 232 m | 761 ft | solid central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, 4-sided upper portion | |
WOR TV Tower | 1949 | United States | North Bergen, New Jersey | 231.65 m | 760 ft | 4-sided | dismantled after being struck by an aircraft in 1956 |
Hongguangshan TV Tower[25] | ? | China | Ürümqi | 230 m | 754 ft | solid central core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, 4-sided upper portion | |
KQTV Tower | 1953 | United States | St. Joseph, Missouri | 229 m | 750 ft | 4-sided, pyramid type | height since 2009; 587 ft (179 m) |
WIVB TV Tower[60] | 1948 | United States | Buffalo, New York | 226.2 m | 742 ft | 3-sided | |
TV5 Tower[61] | ? | Bangkok | Thailand | 225 m | 740 ft | 3-sided | tallest lattice tower in Thailand |
WTRF-TV Tower[62] | 1962 | United States | Bridgeport, Ohio | 225 m | 738 ft | 3-sided | |
Brasília TV Tower | 1967 | Brazil | Brasília | 224 m | 735 ft | 6-sided | |
Millennium Transmitter | 1969 | Philippines | Quezon City | 219.5 m | 720 ft | 4-sided | |
Sahiwal TV Tower[63] | 1970's | Pakistan | Sahiwal | 219.5 m | 720 ft | 4-sided | tallest structure in Pakistan |
Crystal Palace Transmitter | 1950 | UK | London | 219 m | 719 ft | 4-sided | tallest lattice tower in England |
Changchun Radio and Television Tower[27] | 1997 | China | Qingdao | 218 m | 715 ft | solid core supported by 6-sided lattice frame, 4-sided upper portion | |
Mediacorp TV tower | 2006 | Singapore | Bukit Batok | 217 m | 712 ft | 4-sided, (1°21'5.29"N 103°45'59.11"E) | built on a hill, height from lowest leg is 746 ft (227 m) |
Guangzhou TV Tower | 1991 | China | Guangzhou | 217 m | 712 ft | 4-sided, 4 legged | |
Blosenbergturm | 1937 | Switzerland | Beromünster | 216 m | 709 ft | 4-sided | selfradiating tower insulated against ground |
Melitopol Retransmitter Tower[64] | 1981 | Ukraine | Melitopol | 216 m | 709 ft | 4-sided | |
Deyang TV Tower[65] | 1991 | China | Deyang | 216 m | 709 ft | 12-sided, 4 legged | |
Channel 7/10 TV Tower[66] | 1965 | Australia | Sydney | 216 m | 708 ft | 4-sided | tallest lattice tower in Australia |
WBIR TV Tower[67] | 1956 | United States | Knoxville, Tennessee | 215.5 m | 707 ft | 3-sided | |
WTTG TV Tower[68] | 1963 | United States | Washington, DC | 214.8 | 705 ft | 3-sided | |
Mariupol TV Tower[69] | 1981 | Ukraine | Mariupol | 214 m | 702 ft | 4-sided | |
Zlatoust TV Tower[70] | 1983 | Russia | Zlatoust | 213 m | 699 ft | 4-sided | |
Torre TV Bandeirantes | 1997 | Brazil | São Paulo | 212 m | 696 ft | 4-sided non-tapering, weight; 650 tons | |
WJLA TV Tower[71] | 1972 | United States | Washington, DC | 210.9 | 692 ft | 3-sided | |
TV Tower Bol d'Air-Ougrée[72] | ? | Belgium | Bol d'Air-Ougrée | 210 m | 689 ft | 4-sided | |
Cherepovets TV Tower[73] | 1969 | Russia | Cherepovets | 208.5 m | 684 ft | 4-sided | |
KTWB-TV Tower[74] | 1979 | United States | Seattle, Washington | 208 m | 682 ft | 3-sided | |
Khmelnytsky TV Tower[75] | 1980 | Ukraine | Khmelnytskyi | 208 m | 682 ft | 4-sided | |
Arkhangelsk TV Tower[76] | 2004 | Russia | Arkhangelsk | 208 m | 682 ft | 4-sided | |
Cimişlia TV Tower[77] | ? | Moldova | Cimişlia | 208 m | 682 ft | 4-sided | |
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 1[78] | 1943 | Russia | Novosemeykino | 205 m | 673 ft | 3-sided, military use | demolished in 2010,[79] selfradiating insulated against ground |
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 2[78] | 1943 | Russia | Novosemeykino | 205 m | 673 ft | 3-sided, military use | demolished in 2010,[79] selfradiating insulated against ground |
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 3[78] | 1943 | Russia | Novosemeykino | 205 m | 673 ft | 3-sided, military use | demolished in 2010,[79] selfradiating insulated against ground |
Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission, Tower 4[78] | 1943 | Russia | Novosemeykino | 205 m | 673 ft | 3-sided, military use | demolished in 2010,[79] selfradiating insulated against ground |
Cesvaine TV Tower[80] | ? | Latvia | Cesvaine | 204 m | 669 ft | 4-sided | |
Edineţ TV Tower[81] | ? | Moldova | Edineţ | 204 m | 669 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Rezeknes TV Tower[82] | ? | Latvia | Rezeknes | 204 m | 669 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Valmieras TV Tower[82] | ? | Latvia | Valmieras | 204 m | 669 ft | 4-sided | |
Antananarivo TV Tower[83] | ? | Madagascar | Antananarivo | 203 m | 665 ft | ||
Klaipeda Radio and Television Station[84] | 1960 | Lithuania | Klaipeda | 202 m | 663 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Daugavpils TV Tower[85] | 1956 | Latvia | Daugavpils | 202 m | 663 ft | 4-sided | height increased in 1989 |
WRC TV Tower[86] | 1989? | United States | Washington, DC | 201.8 m | 662 ft | 3-sided | |
Brisbane Channel 10 TV Tower[87] | ? | Australia | Brisbane | 201.8 m | 662 ft | 4-sided | |
Orion Tower[88][89] | 2001 | Russia | Samara | 201 m | 660 ft | Hyperboloid structure | |
WKBN TV Tower[90] | 1976 | United States | Youngstown, Ohio | 200.3 m | 657 ft | 3-sided | |
Gomel TV Tower[91] | 1957 | Belarus | Homel | 200 m | 656 ft | 4-sided | |
Kirovohrad TV Tower[92] | 1964 | Ukraine | Kropyvnytskyi | 200 m | 656 ft | 4-sided | |
Guangdong TV Tower[28] | 1965 | China | Guangdong | 200 m | 656 ft | 8-sided | |
WMBC TV Tower[93] | 1965 | United States | Montclair, New Jersey | 200 m | 656 ft | 3-sided | |
TV Tower on Mount Papula[94] | 1966 | Russia | Vyborg | 200 m | 656 ft | 4-sided | |
Khust TV Tower[95] | 1975 | Ukraine | Khust | 200 m | 656 ft | 4-sided | |
Olevsk Communication Tower[96] | 1989 | Ukraine | Olevsk | 200 m | 656 ft | 4-sided | |
VRT Zendmast Genk[97] | ? | Belgium | Genk | 200 m | 656 ft | 4-sided | |
Ciurel Telecommunications Tower[98] | ? | Romania | Bucharest | 200 m | 656 ft | 4-sided | |
TV5 Transmitter Tower[99] | ? | Philippines | Quezon City | 200 m | 656 ft | 4-sided | |
St. Petersburg American Tower[100] | 1985 | United States | St. Petersburg | 199.6 m | 655 ft | 3-sided | |
New Krasnoyarsk TV Tower[101][102] | 2013 | Russia | Krasnoyarsk | 199.4 m | 654 ft | 4-sided | |
Odessa TV Tower[103] | 1958 | Ukraine | Odessa | 199 m | 653 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM single platform | |
Kherson TV Tower | 1994 | Ukraine | Kherson | 199 m | 653 ft | 4-sided | |
Novosibirsk TV Tower[104] | 1957 | Russia | Novosibirsk | 198 m | 650 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Voronezh TV Tower[105] | 1958 | Russia | Voronezh | 198 m | 650 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Rádio Transamérica[106] | ? | Brazil | São Paulo | 198 m | 650 ft | 3-sided | |
Krasnodar TV Tower[107] | 1959 | Russia | Krasnodar | 197 m | 646 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Türi Radio Mast | 1937 | Estonia | Türi | 196.6 m | 645 ft | 3-sided | demolished in 1941. At time of completion was the tallest structure in Northern Europe, built by an American company |
Old Yerevan TV Tower[108] | 1956 | Armenia | Yerevan | 196 m | 643 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | demolition date unknown |
Chelyabinsk TV Tower[109] | 1958 | Russia | Chelyabinsk | 196 m | 643 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Penza Television Centre Transmitter[110] | 1958 | Russia | Penza | 196 m | 643 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Rostov TV Tower[111] | 1958 | Russia | Rostov | 196 m | 643 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM single platform[112] | |
Omsk TV Tower[113] | 1959 | Kazakhstan | Omsk | 196 m | 643 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Pärnu TV Tower[114] | 1963 | Estonia | Pärnu | 196 m | 643 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Cherkaska TV Tower[115] | 1964 | Ukraine | Cherkaska | 196 m | 643 ft | 4-sided | |
Bilopillia TV Tower[116] | 1966 | Ukraine | Bilopillia | 196 m | 643 ft | 4-sided | |
Trostianets TV Tower[117] | 1985 | Ukraine | Trostianets | 196 m | 643 ft | 4-sided | |
Ivano-Frankivsk TV Tower[118] | 1965 | Ukraine | Ivano-Frankivsk | 195 m | 640 ft | 4-sided | |
Sky Tower West Tokyo[119] | 1980 | Japan | Tokyo | 195 m | 640 ft | 8-sided non-tapering | |
Mulhouse-Belvédère Transmission Tower[119] | 1997 | France | Mulhouse | 195 m | 640 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 3710 Marquis St[120] | 1992 | United States | Garland, Texas | 194.2 m | 637 ft | 3-sided | |
Bryansk TV Tower[121] | 1958 | Russia | Bryansk | 194 m | 637 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Dnipropetrovsk TV Tower[122] | 1958 | Ukraine | Dnipropetrovsk | 194 m | 637 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM single platform | |
Lugansk TV Tower[123] | 1958 | Ukraine | Lugansk | 194 m | 637 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM single platform | |
Kamenske TV Tower | 1965 | Ukraine | Kamenske | 194 m | 637 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM[124] | |
KSTW-TV Tower[74] | 1979 | United States | Seattle, Washington | 194 m | 636 ft | 3-sided | |
Karaganda TV Tower[125] | 19 | Kazakhstan | Qaragandy | 194 m | 635 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Mykolaiv TV Tower[126] | 1958 | Ukraine | Mykolaiv | 193 m | 633 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM single platform | |
Bishkek TV Tower[127] | 1958 | Kyrgyzstan | Bishkek | 193 m | 633 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Ulaanbaatar Radio Station Tower[128] | 1967 | Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar | 193 m | 633 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
KEZK-FM Tower[129] | 1981 | United States | St. Louis, Missouri | 192.3 m | 631 ft | 3-sided | |
Tallinn TV Mast[130] | 1955 | Estonia | Tallinn | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | dismantled in 1984 |
Yekaterinburg TV Tower (Old)[131] | 1955 | Russia | Yekaterinburg | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Donetsk TV Tower 1[132] | 1956 | Ukraine | Donetsk | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided | |
Baku Communication Tower[133] | 1956 | Azerbaijan | Baku | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | demolished in 2008 |
Irkutsk TV Tower[134] | 1957 | Russia | Irkutsk | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Murmansk TV Tower[135] | 1957 | Russia | Murmansk | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Lviv TV Tower[136] | 1957 | Ukraine | Lviv | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM single platform | |
Simferopol TV Tower[137] | 1958 | Russia | Simferopol | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM single platform | |
Ulyanovsk TV Tower[138] | 1959 | Russia | Ulyanovsk | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Zaporizhzhya TV Tower | 1959 | Ukraine | Zaporizhzhya | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM[139] single platform | |
Lipetsk TV Tower[140] | 1960 | Russia | Lipetsk | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Annunciation TV Tower[141] | 1964 | Russia | Blagoveshchensk | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Abakan TV Tower[142] | 1965 | Russia | Abakan | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Almaty Old TV tower[143] | ? | Kazakhstan | Almaty | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Pavlodar TV Tower[144] | ? | Kazakhstan | Pavlodar | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tomsk TV Tower[145] | ? | Russia | Tomsk | 192 m | 630 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Orissaare TV Tower[146] | 1965 | Estonia | Orissaare | 191 m | 627 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Leipzig Radio Tower[147] | 2015 | Germany | Leipzig | 191 m | 627 ft | 4-sided | |
LORAN-C transmitter Carolina Beach | 1952[148] | United States | Carolina Beach, North Carolina | 190.5 m | 625 ft | collapsed caused by Hurricane Helene September 26, 1958 | |
Stonehenge Tower[149] | 1990 | United States | Portland, Oregon | 190.5 m | 625 ft | solid steel core supported by 3 legs | more likely to be categorized as a steel tower than a lattice tower |
Transmitter Sottens, old transmission tower | 1948 | Switzerland | Sottens | 190 m | 623 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 1989, mediumwave selfradiating tower insulated against ground |
Bratsk TV Tower[150] | 1963 | Russia | Bratsk | 190 m | 623 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
ATV10 Tower[151][152] | 1964 | Australia | Melbourne | 190 m | 623 ft | 4-sided | height increase of 10 m (33 ft) in 2001 |
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 1[153] | 1919 | United States | Cayey, Puerto Rico | 189 m | 620 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1938 |
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 2 | 1919 | United States | Cayey, Puerto Rico | 189 m | 620 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1938 |
Cayey Naval Station, Tower 3 | 1919 | United States | Cayey, Puerto Rico | 189 m | 620 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1938 |
Cambridge Bay LORAN Tower | 1948 | Canada | Cambridge Bay | 189 m | 620 ft | 4-sided | demolished in August 2014[154] |
Sottens Radio Tower | 1989 | Switzerland | Sottens | 188 m | 617 ft | 4-sided | mediumwave, selfradiating tower insulated against ground |
Soinaste Telemast[155] | 1957 | Estonia | Tartu | 186 m | 610 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Chisinau TV Tower[156] | 1958 | Moldova | Chisinau | 186 m | 610 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Petrozavodsk TV Tower[157] | 1959 | Russia | Petrozavodsk | 186 m | 610 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
KIRO TV Tower[74] | 1958 | United States | Seattle, Washington | 186 m | 609 ft | 3-sided | |
Santa Palomba transmitter, Main Tower | ? | Italy | Santa Palomba | 186 m | 609 ft | 4-sided | equipped with cage antenna for mediumwave broadcasting |
Ovce Pole Radio Tower[158] | ? | Macedonia | Lozovo | 185 m | 608 ft | 4-sided | |
Semipalatinsk TV Tower[159] | ? | Kazakhstan | Semey | 185 m | 608 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Ekibastuz TV Tower[160] | 1967 | Kazakhstan | Ekibastuz | 185 m | 607 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Vlessart TV Tower[161] | ? | Belgium | Rue Vlessart Airmont Léglise | 185 m | 607 ft | 4-sided, horizontal bars of frame are fixed at the centre column | |
Anderlues TV Tower[162] | ? | Belgium | Anderlues | 185 m | 607 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 4800 Reagan Drive[163] | 2004 | United States | Charlotte, North Carolina | 184.4 m | 605 ft | 3-sided | |
Brisbane ABQ TV Tower[164] | 1959 | Australia | Brisbane | 184.3 m | 605 ft | 4-sided | 27°27′52″S 152°56′51″E |
KWEX TV Tower[165] | 1998 | United States | San Antonio, Texas | 184.1 m | 604 ft | 3-sided | |
NAA (Arlington, Virginia), Tower 1[166] | 1913 | United States | Arlington, Virginia | 183 m | 600 ft | 4-sided, military use | dismantled in 1941,[167] was the first of many US Naval radio transmitting station,[168] it was the tallest lattice tower in the United States when built and second tallest in the world after the Eiffel Tower the site also featured two 450-foot tall lattice towers which were possibly the 3rd and 4th tallest in the world at that time |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 1[169] | 1914 | United States (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | 6 towers on site built by the US Navy, began operations in 1912, tower possibly demolished in 1993, site returned to Panama in 1996[170] and station decommissioned by 1999[171] |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 2 | 1914 | United States (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished by 1999 |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 3 | 1914 | United States (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished by 1999 |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 4 | 1914 | United States (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished by 1999 |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 5 | 1914 | United States (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished by 1999 |
US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama, Tower 6 | 1914 | United States (Now Panama) | Balboa | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished by 1999 |
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 1[172] | 1915 | United States (Now Philippines) | Cavite | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1971, 3 towers on site built by the US Navy |
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 2 | 1915 | United States (Now Philippines) | Cavite | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1971 |
Naval Station Sangley Point, Tower 3 | 1915 | United States (Now Philippines) | Cavite | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1971 |
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 1[173] | 1917 | United States | San Diego | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1995, 3 towers on site built by the US Navy |
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 2 | 1917 | United States | San Diego | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1995 |
Chollas Heights Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 3 | 1917 | United States | San Diego | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1995 |
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor, Tower 1[174] | 1917 | United States | Pearl Harbor | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | dismantled in 1936, the transmitters were later used at Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility[175] |
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor, Tower 2 | 1917 | United States | Pearl Harbor | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | dismantled in 1936 |
US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor, Tower 3 | 1917 | United States | Pearl Harbor | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | dismantled in 1936 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 1 | 1918 | United States | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969. The site originally had a total of 9 self-supporting 600-foot tall the most lattice towers of that height ever built in a single location. Four were built in 1918, two more in 1922 and the final three in 1938. The 6 towers built in 1918 & 1922 were demolished in 1969 while the 3 towers built in 1938 remain today.[176] Tied for tallest lattice towers in the United States from 1918 to 1949 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 2 | 1918 | United States | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 3 | 1918 | United States | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 4 | 1918 | United States | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 5 | 1922 | United States | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 6 | 1922 | United States | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1969 |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 7[176] | 1938 | United States | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided Annapolis type | 3 towers remaining, site previously had a total of 9 towers |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 8[176] | 1938 | United States | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided Annapolis type | |
NSS Annapolis, Tower 9[176] | 1938 | United States | Annapolis | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided Annapolis type | |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 1 | 1936 | United States | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972, 7 possibly 8 towers[177][178] on site built by the US Navy, these were later replaced in 1972 with two 1,500-foot tall guyed masts[178] |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 2 | 1936 | United States | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 3 | 1936 | United States | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 4 | 1936 | United States | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 5 | 1936 | United States | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 6 | 1936 | United States | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility, Tower 7 | 1936 | United States | Lualualei | 183 m | 600 ft | 3-sided, Annapolis type military use | demolished in 1972 |
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 1 | 1941 | UK | Criggion, Powys | 182.9 m | 600 ft | 4-sided, military use | demolished in 2003 |
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 2 | 1941 | UK | Criggion, Powys | 182.9 m | 600 ft | 4-sided, military use | demolished in 2003 |
Criggion VLF transmitter, Tower 3 | 1941 | UK | Criggion, Powys | 182.9 m | 600 ft | 4-sided, military use | demolished in 2003 |
Mulhouse-Belvédère Transmission, Old Tower[179] | 1955 | France | Mulhouse | 182.9 m | 600 ft | 3-sided | demolished in 1998 |
TV Tower RTPTS Berezniki[180] | 1961 | Russia | Berezniki | 183 m | 600 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tower at 503 Mcarthur Drive[181] | 2016 | United States | New Bedford, Massachusetts | 182.9 m | 600 ft | 3-sided | |
Ryazan TV Tower[182] | 1956 | Russia | Ryazan | 182.5 m | 599 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Nizhny Novgorod TV Tower[183] | 1957 | Russia | Nizhny Novgorod | 182 m | 597 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Old Ufa TV Tower[184] | 1958 | Russia | Ufa | 182 m | 597 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Old Perm TV Tower[42] | 1958 | Russia | Perm | 182 m | 597 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Kazan TV Tower[185] | 1959 | Russia | Kazan | 182 m | 597 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Old WBNS TV Tower | 1948 | United States | Columbus, Ohio | 181.3 m | 595 ft | 3-sided | original WBNS tower, replaced by a taller tower in 1955 |
KSTP TV Tower[186] | 1948 | United States | Saint Paul, Minnesota | 181.1 m | 594 ft | 3-sided | |
Old WSTM-TV Tower[187] | 1953 | United States | Syracuse, New York | 181.0 m | 594 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 2003 |
WQED TV Tower[188] | 1954 | United States | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | 181.1 m | 594 ft | 3-sided candelabra top | |
KCTS TV Tower Tower[74][189] | 1965 | United States | Seattle, Washington | 181.1 m | 594 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower on Mamayev Kurgan[190] | 1956 | Russia | Volgograd | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Vladimirskaya TV Tower[191] | 1956 | Russia | Vladimirskaya | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Old Krasnoyarsk TV Tower[102] | 1957 | Russia | Krasnoyarsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Samara TV Tower[192] | 1957 | Russia | Samara | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Kemerovo TV Tower[193] | 1958 | Russia | Kemerovo | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Sochi TV Tower[194] | 1958 | Russia | Sochi | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
KRTPTS Eagle's Nest[195] | 1959 | Russia | Vladivostok | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Arzamas TV Tower[196] | 1960 | Russia | Arzamas | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tambov TV Tower[197] | 1960 | Russia | Tambov | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Yoshkar-Ola TV Tower[198] | 1960 | Russia | Yoshkar-Ola | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Astrakhan TV Tower[199] | 1961 | Russia | Astrakhan | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Cheboksary TV Tower[200] | 1961 | Russia | Cheboksary | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Kurgan TV Tower[201] | 1961 | Russia | Kurgan | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Leninsk-Kuznetsky TV Tower[202] | 1962 | Russia | Leninsk-Kuznetsky | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Magnitogorsk TV Tower[203] | 1962 | Russia | Magnitogorsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Novokuznetsk TV Tower[204] | 1962 | Russia | Novokuznetsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tula TV Tower[205][206] | 1963 | Russia | Tula | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Khabarovsk TV Tower[207] | 1964 | Russia | Khabarovsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Syktyvkar TV Tower[208] | 1964 | Russia | Syktyvkar | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Donetsk TV Tower 2[209] | 1964 | Ukraine | Donetsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Yarok TV and Radio Tower | 1964 | Ukraine | Yarok | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM[210] | |
Kokshetau TV Tower[211] | 1965 | Kazakhstan | Kokshetau | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided with lateral supports added in 2002 for vertical stability after washout[212] | |
Nalchik TV Tower[213] | 1967 | Russia | Nalchik | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Andriivka TV Tower[214] | 1969 | Ukraine | Andriivka | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided | |
Kotovsk Communication Tower[215] | 1972 | Ukraine | Vesternychany | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Mezhdurechenskaya TV tower[216] | 1972 | Russia | Mezhdurechensk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Chongqing Radio & TV Tower[217] | 1973 | China | Yuzhong, Chongqing CQ | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided | |
Kuldiga TV Tower[218] | ? | Latvia | Kuldiga | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Uralsvyazinform tower[42][219] | 2003 | Russia | Perm | 180 m | 591 ft | Hyperboloid structure | |
Aktobe TV Tower[220] | ? | Kazakhstan | Aktobe | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Ust-Kamenogorsk TV Tower[221] | ? | Kazakhstan | Oskemen | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Petropavlovsk TV Tower[222] | ? | Kazakhstan | Oskemen | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Makhachkala TV Tower[223] | ? | Russia | Makhachkala | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM[224] | |
Tobolsk TV Tower[225] | ? | Russia | Tobolsk | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tyumen TV Tower[226] | ? | Russia | Tyumen | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Tashkent Old TV Tower[227] | ? | Uzbekistan | Tashkent | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Gyumri TV Tower[228] | ? | Armenia | Gyumri | 180 m | 591 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
Nagoya TV Tower | 1954 | Japan | Nagoya | 180 m | 590 ft | 4-sided | |
Smolensk TV Tower[229] | 1957 | Russia | Smolensk | 180 m | 590 ft | ||
Funabashi Miyama Broadcasting Station A Radio Tower[230] | 1970 | Japan | Tokyo | 180 m | 590 ft | 4-sided | |
KDFW TV Tower[231] | 1949 | United States | Dallas, Texas | 179 m | 587 ft | 4-sided | current height 149.8 m (491 ft) |
WTOB-TV Tower[232][233] | 1953 | United States | Winston-Salem, North Carolina | 178.61 m | 586 ft | 3-sided | Removed 1967, more than a decade after the TV station closed. Was lit yearly at Christmas from 1957 to 1966.[234] |
1230 East Mermaid Lane Tower[235] | 1957 | United States | Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania | 178 m | 585 ft | 3-sided | |
WTNV Tower[236] | 1947 | United States | Jackson, Tennessee | 176.8 m | 580 ft | 4-sided | collapsed caused by tornado on May 4, 2003 |
KGO-TV Tower[237] | 1949 | United States | San Francisco, California | 176.8 m | 580 ft | 3-sided | demolished in 1972 to make way for the Sutro Tower |
Ministry of Defense Building B[238] | 1996 | Japan | Tokyo | 177 m | 580 ft | 12-sided, built on top of a building | total height including building is 722 ft (220 m) |
Balashikha Tower[239] | ? | Russia | Balashikha | 176 m | 577 ft | 4-sided non-tapering | |
Old WLWT TV Tower[240][241] | 1948 | United States | Cincinnati | 173.7 m | 570 ft | 4-sided | dismantled in 2005, replaced by the WLWT TV Tower |
KING TV Tower[74] | 1952 | United States | Seattle, Washington | 174 m | 570 ft | 4-sided | |
KGHL Tower[242][243] | 1928 | United States | Billings | 173 m | 568 ft | 3-sided | demolished in 2020 |
Hirano Radio Tower[244] | 1971 | Japan | Saitama | 173 m | 568 ft | solid central core supported with 4 legs, | central core possibly made out of concrete? |
Tower at 777 Winks Lane[245] | ? | United States | Bensalem, PA | 173.1 m | 568 ft | 3-sided | |
WDET Tower[74] | 1996 | United States | Detroit, Michigan | 172.5 m | 566 ft | 3-sided | |
KOMO TV Tower[74] | 1952 | United States | Seattle, Washington | 172 m | 564 ft | 3-sided | |
Yokohama Radio Tower | ? | Japan | Yokohama | 172 m | 564 ft | 4-sided | 35°31'28.15"N 139°39'50.84"E |
Tower at 1230 East Mermaid Lane[246] | ? | United States | Wyndmoor, PA | 171.3 m | 562 ft | 3-sided | |
Original TCN TV Tower[247] | 1956 | Australia | Sydney | 171 m | 561 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 1966 |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 1 | 1956[248] | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 171 m | 561 ft | 4-sided | 4 identical towers[249] |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 2 | 1956 | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 171 m | 561 ft | 4-sided | |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 3 | 1956 | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 171 m | 561 ft | 4-sided | |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 4 | 1956 | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 171 m | 561 ft | 4-sided | |
Hearst Stations Tower[250] | 1957 | United States | Sacramento, California | 170.2 m | 558 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 2740 South Freeway[251] | 1992 | United States | Fort Worth, Texas | 170.1 m | 558 ft | 4-sided | |
WHHL-FM Tower[252] | 2008 | United States | St. Louis, Missouri | 170.1 m | 558 ft | 3-sided | |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 5[253] | 1956 | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 170 m | 558 ft | 4-sided | |
Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Tower 6[253] | 1956 | Slovakia | Rimavská Sobota | 170 m | 558 ft | 4-sided | |
Gore Hill ABC TV Tower[254] | 1957[255] | Australia | Sydney | 170 m | 558 ft | 4-sided | |
VRT Zendmast Oostvleteren | 1969 | Belgium | Oostvleteren | 170 m | 558 ft | 4-sided | |
WTVH TV Tower[256] | 1948 | United States | Syracuse, New York | 169.5 m | 556 ft | 4-sided | |
KSAT TV Tower[257] | 1957 | United States | San Antonio, Texas | 168.9 m | 554 ft | 3-sided | |
Gaocheng TV Tower[258] | ? | China | Gaocheng | 168 m | 551 ft | ||
WWVR Tower[259] | 1954 | United States | Terre Haute, Indiana | 167.6 m | 550 ft | 3-sided | |
Yiye Avila Tower[260] | 1991 | United States | Utuado, Puerto Rico | 167 m | 548 ft | Landmark tower design | collapsed caused by Hurricane Maria September 2017[261][262] |
VRT Zendmast Schoten | 1969 | Belgium | Schoten | 167 m | 548 ft | 4-sided | |
KNBC Mount Wilson Tower[263] | 1998 | United States | Mount Wilson, California | 166 m | 545 ft | 4-sided | |
CBC Jarvis St. Tower | 1952 | Canada | Toronto | 164.6 m | 540 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 2002 |
RTBF Profondeville | ? | Belgium | Riviere | 164 m | 538 ft | ||
KCCI TV Tower[264] | 1985 | United States | Des Moines, Iowa | 163.6 m | 537 ft | 3-sided | |
TV Tower Tournai-Froidmont | 1967 | Belgium | Tournai-Froidmont | 163 m | 535 ft | 4-sided | |
WJAR TV Tower[265] | 2013 | United States | Rehoboth, Massachusetts | 162.7 m | 534 ft | 4-sided | |
WRAT Tower[266] | ? | United States | Lake Como, NJ | 162.5 m | 533 ft | 3-sided | |
WXRT Tower[267] | 1971 | United States | Chicago, Illinois | 162.2 m | 532 ft | 3-sided | |
Higashiyama TV Tower[268] | 1969 | Japan | Nagoya | 162 m | 532 ft | 4-sided | |
WOWT TV Tower[269] | 1949 | United States | Omaha, Nebraska | 161.6 m | 530 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 2599 Palumbo Drive[270] | 1991 | United States | Lexington, Kentucky | 161.5 m | 530 ft | 3-sided, 8-sided top | |
Ishikawa TV Broadcasting Tower | Japan | Kanazawa | 162 m | 530 ft | solid steel core supported by a 8-sided non-tapering lattice | 36°35'17.37"N 136°36'21.62"E | |
Martina Franca Tower 1[271] | ? | Italy | Martina Franca | 161 m | 528 ft | 4-sided | |
WIZF Tower[272][273] | 1976 | United States | Cincinnati, Ohio | 160.9 m | 528 ft | 4-sided | |
KDNL TV Tower[274][275] | 1947 | United States | Saint Louis, Missouri | 160.8 m | 528 ft | 4-sided | |
Shukhov radio Tower | 1922 | Russia | Moscow | 160 m | 525 ft | Hyperboloid structure | |
Luch Tower 1[276] | 1954 | Ukraine | Luch | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | |
Luch Tower 2[276] | 1954 | Ukraine | Luch | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | |
Torre Bruxelas[277] | 1983 | Brazil | São Paulo | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | 23°32'36.94"S 46°40'58.31"W |
Tverskaya TV Tower[278] | 2005 | Russia | Tverskaya | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | |
Torre da TV Bahia[279] | ? | Brazil | Salvador | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | |
Canal Tower 4 (Tres Cruces)[280] | ? | Uruguay | Montevideo | 160 m | 525 ft | 4-sided | |
Bell Canada Pharmacy Avenue Tower[281] | 1970 | Canada | Toronto | 160 m | 524 ft | 3-sided non-tapering | |
Ural TV Tower[282] | ? | Kazakhstan | Uralsk | 160 m | 524 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM | |
City of Dallas Tower[283] | 1983 | United States | Dallas, Texas | 159.4 m | 523 ft | 4-sided | |
WSAV TV Tower[274][284] | 1956 | United States | Savannah, Georgia | 159.1 m | 522 ft | 3-sided | |
Chernihiv TV Tower[285] | 1959 | Ukraine | Chernihiv | 159 m | 522 ft | 4-sided | |
Telecomm Antenna[286] | ? | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | 159 m | 522 ft | 4-sided | |
To Kannondomachi TV Tower | Japan | Kanazawa | 159.5 m | 520 ft | 4-sided | 36°35'22.37"N 136°36'28.83"E | |
WLLY Tower[287][288] | 1995 | United States | Mangonia Park, Florida | 158.2 m | 519 ft | Landmark tower design | |
Zendmast Zichtenburg[289] | 2007 | Netherlands | The Hague | 158 m | 518 ft | 3-sided | |
Skytel Tower[290][291] | 2004 | United States | Des Moines | 157.8 m | 518 ft | 3-sided | |
WHIO (AM) Tower[292] | 1948 | United States | Dayton, Ohio | 157.6 m | 517 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 2013[293] |
CFCN TV Tower | 1960 | Canada | Calgary | 157.6 m | 517 ft | 3-sided | |
RaTel Tower[294] | 1950 | Ukraine | Kyiv | 157 m | 515 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 47 S State Avenue[295][296] | 1991 | United States | Indianapolis, Indiana | 155.4 m | 510 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 1220 S Acacia Avenue[297] | 1994 | United States | Ripon, California | 155.4 m | 510 ft | 3-sided | |
Mesquite Tower | 1990 | United States | Mesquite, Texas | 155.3 m | 509.5 ft | Landmark tower design | |
KETV TV Tower[298] | 1957 | United States | Omaha, Nebraska | 155.1 m | 509 ft | 3-sided | |
RTS TV Tower | 1981 | Singapore | Bukit Batok | 155 m | 509 ft | 4-sided | replaced the original tower built in 1963[299] |
Torre Cultura[300][301] | 1992 | Brazil | São Paulo | 154.8 m | 508 ft | 3-sided, rotating 180 degrees on its axis 3 times | |
Telecomm Antenna | ? | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | 155 m | 508 ft | 4-sided | 22°56'59.59"S 43°13'46.44"W |
NOVEC Toren[302] | 2005 | Netherlands | Zwolle | 154.5 m | 507 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 4344 Park Heights Avenue[303] | 1987 | United States | Baltimore, Maryland | 154.5 m | 507 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 78 Veronica Avenue[304] | 2013 | United States | Franklin Township, New Jersey | 154.5 m | 507 ft | 3-sided | |
Washington Police Department Tower[305] | ? | United States | Washington, DC | 154.3 m | 506 ft | 4-sided | |
WSB TV Tower[306] | 1975 | United States | Atlanta, Georgia | 154.2 m | 506 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 1420 R.Americo Salgado | ? | Brazil | Cuiaba | 154.2 m | 506 ft | 4-sided | 15°35'12.57"S 56° 5'36.58"W |
Old KLDT TV Tower[307] | 1990 | United States | Lewisville, Texas | 153.6 m | 504 ft | 3-sided | |
WOAI TV Tower[308][309] | 2010 | United States | San Antonio, Texas | 153.3 m | 503 ft | 3-sided | |
TV Bandeirantes Antenna[310] | ? | Brazil | Rio de Janeiro | 153.3 m | 503 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 26501 Renaissance Parkway[311] | 1990 | United States | Cleveland, Ohio | 153 m | 502 ft | 3-sided | |
WRDW TV Tower[312] | 1998 | United States | Augusta, Georgia | 152.7 m | 501 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 1060 Gatewood Avenue[313] | 2019 | United States | Greensboro, North Carolina | 152.7 m | 501 ft | 3-sided | |
Original ATN TV Tower[314] | 1956 | Australia | Sydney | 152 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | demolished in 1973 |
Croydon Transmitter | 1962 | UK | London, Surrey | 152 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
IBC Tower[315] | 1978 | Philippines | Quezon City | 152 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 4802 Lookaway Drive[316] | 1987 | United States | Cincinnati, Ohio | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
PTV Television Transmitter[317] | 1993 | Philippines | Quezon City | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 1350 Howell Mill Road[318] | 1995 | United States | Atlanta, Georgia | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
WKIX (850 AM) Tower[319] | 1996 | United States | Cary, North Carolina | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
Tower at 15 Van Dyke Avenue[320] | 1999 | United States | New Brunswick, New Jersey | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 180 Freeman Avenue[321] | 2000 | United States | Islip, NY | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Cleveland Buckeye Terminals Tower[322] | 2000 | United States | Cleveland, Ohio | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 1810 Jeffries[323] | 2000 | United States | Dallas, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Susquehanna Radio Corp Tower[324] | 2001 | United States | Dallas, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 2949 2/3 Carr Street[325] | 2001 | United States | Houston, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 5109 Carder Road[326] | 2004 | United States | Orlando, Florida | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
TV Globo Digital Tower | 2006 | Brazil | São Paulo | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided, built on top of a building | Height confirmed by google earth 3 dimensional building data, location; 23°34'4.36"S 46°39'1.65"W |
Tower at 5320 Shepard Drive[327] | 2008 | United States | Houston, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 2500 Se Loop 820[328] | 2011 | United States | Fort Worth, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
City of Conroe Fire Dept. Tower[329] | 2011 | United States | Spring, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 6922 Katy Road[330] | 2012 | United States | Houston, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
San Antonio Police Department Tower[331] | 2012 | United States | San Antonio, Texas | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Indian River State College Tower[332] | 2013 | United States | Fort Pierce, Florida | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 19 Oldham Street[333] | 2017 | United States | Nashville, TN | 152.4 m | 500 ft | 3-sided | |
RKS Mělník-Chloumek | ? | Czech Republic | Mělník | 152 m | 500 ft | 4 sided non-tapering | used for Mediumwave |
RKS Dobrochov[334] | ? | Czech Republic | Dobrochov | 152 m | 500 ft | 4-sided non-tapering | Mediumwave |
Antena Califormula Broadcasting[335] | ? | Mexico | Tijuana | 152 m | 500 ft | 4-sided | |
Federal Hill Road Tower[336] | 1970 | United States | Pompton Lakes, New Jersey | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
WHBF TV Tower[337] | 1950 | United States | Rock Island, Illinois | 152 m | 499 ft | 4-sided | |
WAFB TV Tower[338] | 1951 | United States | Baton Rouge, Louisiana | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | second source lists the tower as being 475 ft tall[339] |
Tower at 375 Midland Avenue[340] | 1981 | United States | Detroit, Michigan | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
WMUZ Tower[341] | 1985 | United States | Detroit, Michigan | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
L3Harris Technologies Tower[341] | 1992 | United States | Key Largo, Florida | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 11149 Trinity Blvd[342] | 1997 | United States | Fort Worth, Texas | 152.2 m | 499 ft | 4-sided candelabra top | |
WFNZ-FM Tower[343] | 2000 | United States | Charlotte, North Carolina | 152.2 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Charlotte American Tower[344][345] | 2001 | United States | Charlotte, North Carolina | 151 m | 499 ft | 3-sided candelabra top | |
Tower at 14247 Old St. Augustine Road[346] | 2002 | United States | Jacksonville, Florida | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Cumulus Media Tower[347][348] | 2004 | United States | Shreveport, Louisiana | 152 m | 499 ft | Landmark tower design | |
WPEC TV Tower[349] | 2008 | United States | West Palm Beach, Florida | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 1[350] | 2009 | United States | North Bergen, New Jersey | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | 3 towers |
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 2[351] | 2009 | United States | North Bergen, New Jersey | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
New York AM Radio, LLC Tower 3[352] | 2009 | United States | North Bergen, New Jersey | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 4098 Rolling Stone Lane[353] | 2012 | United States | St. Louis, Missouri | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower off Schumacher Road[354] | 2013 | United States | St. Louis, Missouri | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 1340 West Outer 21 Road[355] | 2013 | United States | St. Louis, Missouri | 152.1 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
AR & JR Radio Tower[356] | 2017 | United States | Austin, Texas | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided candelabra top | |
City of Chesapeake Tower[357][358] | 2018 | United States | Chesapeake, Virginia | 152 m | 499 ft | 3-sided | |
City of Jackson Tower[359] | ? | United States | Jackson, Mississippi | 152 m | 499 ft | Landmark tower design | |
Tower at 2060 15th Avenue South[360][361] | 1999 | United States | Nashville, Tennessee | 151.8 m | 498 ft | 3-sided | |
4 Broadcast Place Tower[362][363] | 1988 | United States | Jacksonville, Florida | 151.6 m | 497 ft | 3-sided | |
Tower at 239 East Prairie Avenue[364][365] | 2001 | United States | St. Louis, Missouri | 151 m | 495 ft | 3-sided | |
WETA TV Tower[366] | ? | United States | Arlington, Virginia | 151 m | 495 ft | 3-sided | |
Houdeng TV Tower | ? | Belgium | Houdeng | 151 m | 495 ft | 4-sided | |
Tour Dégueu[367] | ? | Belgium | Leglise-Anlier | 151 m | 495 ft | 4-sided, Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars | |
Tower at 1450 Westpark Way[368] | 1996 | United States | Fort Worth, Texas | 150.6 m | 494 ft | 4-sided candelabra top | |
Old Ust-Kamenogorsk TV Tower[221] | ? | Kazakhstan | Oskemen | 151 m | 494 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM design, shortened | |
Tower at 67315 Kirkwood Heights Road[369] | 2005 | United States | Brookside, Ohio | 150.3 m | 493 ft | 3-sided | |
Longwave transmitter Lahti, Tower 1 | 1927 | Finland | Lahti | 150 m | 492 ft | two towers carrying an antenna for longwave | |
Longwave transmitter Lahti, Tower 2 | 1927 | Finland | Lahti | 150 m | 492 ft | ||
RKS Liblice 1, Tower 1 | 1931 | Czech Republic | Liblice | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided, antenna for longwave | demolished in 2004 |
RKS Liblice 1, Tower 2 | 1931 | Czech Republic | Liblice | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided, antenna for longwave | demolished in 2004 |
Mannesmann Tower (Vienna)[370] | 1955 | Austria | Vienna | 150 m | 492 ft | 3-sided | demolished in 1987 |
Vorkuta TV Tower[371] | 1958 | Russia | Vorkuta | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided, 3803 KM design, shortened | |
Novgorod TV Tower[372] | 1958 | Russia | Novgorod | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided | |
Yokohama Media Tower[373] | 1999 | Japan | Yokohama | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided non-tapering, built on top of a building | total height including building is 253 m (830 ft)[374] |
Halle Radio Tower | 2005 | Germany | Halle | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided | |
WKVG Tower[375] | 2007 | United States | Greenville, South Carolina | 149.9 m | 492 ft | 3-sided | |
New Ufa TV Tower[184] | 2016 | Russia | Ufa | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided | |
RPN Transmitter Tower[376] | ? | Philippines | Quezon City | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided | |
KBC tower | ? | Japan | Fukuoka | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided | 33°35'45.77"N 130°23'44.05"E |
NHK/Tohoku/East Japan Broadcasting Tower[377] | ? | Japan | Sendai | 150 m | 492 ft | 4-sided |
Electrical Pylons
[edit]List of Electrical pylons above 150 m / 500 ft in height.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Pylon_of_Torre_Faro_-_Messina%2C_Italy_-_31_Aug._2007.jpg/220px-Pylon_of_Torre_Faro_-_Messina%2C_Italy_-_31_Aug._2007.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Elbekreuzung2.jpg/220px-Elbekreuzung2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ookunozima-2.jpg/220px-Ookunozima-2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/The_400_kV_Thames_Crossing_Kent_tower.jpg/220px-The_400_kV_Thames_Crossing_Kent_tower.jpg)
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin 2[378] | 2022 | China | Jiangyin | 385 m | 1263 ft | Tallest pylons in the world |
Jintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, East Tower[17] | 2019 | China | Jintang Island | 380 m | 1247 ft | |
Zhoushan Island Overhead Powerline Tie | 2009 | China | Damao Island | 370 m | 1214 ft | |
Yangtze River Crossing Jiangyin | 2003 | China | Jiangyin | 346.5m | 1137 ft | |
Amazonas Crossing of Tucuruí transmission line | 2012 | Brazil | Almeirim | 295 m | 968 ft | Tallest electricity pylons in South America |
Yangtze River crossing of Shanghai-Huainan Powerline | 2013 | China | Gaogouzhen | 269.75 | 885 ft | |
Pylons of Pearl River Crossing | 1987 | China | Pearl River | 253 m & 240 m | 830 ft & 787 ft | |
Orinoco River Crossing | ? | Venezuela | Caroní | 240 m | 787 ft | |
Hooghly River Crossing | ? | India | Diamond Harbour | 236 m | 774 ft | |
Pylons of Messina | 1957 | Italy | Messina | 232 m | 761 ft | not used as pylons any more, 224 m not including concrete base |
HVDC Yangtze River Crossing Wuhu | 2003 | China | Wuhu | 229 m | 751 ft | Tallest electricity pylons used for HVDC |
Elbe Crossing 2 | 1976–1978 | Germany | Stade | 227 m | 744 ft | |
Chūshi Powerline Crossing | 1962 | Japan | Takehara | 226 m | 742 ft | Tallest electricity pylons in Japan |
Daqi-Channel-Crossing | 1997 | Japan | Takehara | 223 m | 732 ft | |
Overhead line crossing Suez Canal | 1998 | Egypt | 221 m | 725 ft | ||
Yamen Steel Tube Tower[379][380] | 2005 | China | Jiangmen | 215 m | 707 ft | |
Yangzi River Crossing of HVDC Xianjiaba – Shanghai[20] | 2009 | China | ??? | 202 m | 663 ft | |
Balakovo 500 kV Wolga Crossing, Tower East | ? | Russia | Balakovo | 197 m | 646 ft | |
LingBei-Channel-Crossing | 1993 | Japan | Reihoku | 195 m | 640 ft | |
Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing 2 | 2019 | Belgium | Antwerpen | 192 m | 630 ft | Second crossing of Schelde River |
400 kV Thames Crossing | 1965 | UK | West Thurrock | 190 m | 623 ft | |
Elbe Crossing 1 | 1958–1962 | Germany | Stade | 189 m | 620 ft | |
Kogushi Electric Power Transmission Tower[381] | 1994 | Japan | Okayama | 185 m | 607 ft | |
Antwerp Deurganck dok crossing | 2000 | Belgium | Antwerpen | 178 m | 584 ft | Crossing for a container quay |
Línea de Transmisión Carapongo – Carabayllo | 2015 | Perú | Lima | 176 m | 577 ft | Crossing of Rimac River |
Tracy Saint Lawrence River Powerline Crossing | ? | Canada | Tracy | 174.6 m | 573 ft | tallest electricity pylon in Canada |
Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing[382] | ? | Belgium | Antwerp | 170 m | 558 ft | |
Sunshine Mississippi Powerline Crossing | 1967 | United States | St. Gabriel, Louisiana | 164.6 m | 540 ft | Tallest electricity pylons in the United States |
Lekkerkerk Crossing 1 | 1970 | Netherlands | Lekkerkerk | 163 m | 534 ft | Tallest crossing in the Netherlands |
Bosporus overhead line crossing III | 1999 | Turkey | Istanbul | 160 m | 525 ft | |
Balakovo 500 kV Wolga Crossing, Tower West | ? | Russia | Balakovo | 159 m | 522 ft | |
Pylons of Cadiz | ? | Spain | Cadiz | 158 m | 519 ft | |
Mississippi River Crossing at Montz[383] | 1991 | United States | Montz | 152.1 m | 499 ft | |
Amazonas Crossing of Tucuruí transmission line at Jurupari island | 2012 | Brazil | Almeirim | 150 m | 492 ft | |
Maracaibo Bay Powerline Crossing | ? | Venezuela | Maracaibo | 150 m | 492 ft | Towers on caissons |
Wind turbines
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Elektrownia_wiatrowa-_Nowy_Tomy%C5%9Bl.jpg/220px-Elektrownia_wiatrowa-_Nowy_Tomy%C5%9Bl.jpg)
Tall wind turbines supported by lattice tallest have been built almost exclusively in Germany, one of the first countries in the world to build wide spread renewable power resources. The total height includes the lattice tower and the wind turbine rotor at peak height.
List of wind turbines with a lattice tower above 150 m / 500 ft in height.
Tower | Year | Country | Town | meters | feet | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nowy Tomyśl Wind Turbines | 2012 | Poland | Nowy Tomyśl, Poland | 210 m | 689 ft | 160 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 100 m |
Fuhrländer Wind Turbine Laasow | 2006 | Germany | Laasow, Brandenburg | 205 m | 673 ft | 160 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m |
Fuhrländer Wind Turbines Spremberg | 2009 | Germany | Spremberg, Brandenburg | 191 m | 627 ft | 141 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 100 m, 9 units |
Laubersreuth Fuhrländer Wind Turbines | 2010 | Germany | Münchberg, Bavaria | 191 m | 627 ft | 141 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 100 m, 2 units |
Ewiger Fuhrmann Vestas V66 Wind Turbine | Germany | Kreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia | 150 m | 492 ft | 117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m | |
Oyten Vestas V-66 Wind Turbines | 2000/2002 | Germany | Oyten, Lower-Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 2 units |
Elspe Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbine | 2001 | Germany | Elspe, North Rhine-Westphalia | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, |
Melle Südwind S77 Wind Turbines | 2001/2003 | Germany | Melle, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 6 units |
Heisberg Südwind S77 Wind Turbine | 2002 | Germany | Freudenberg, North Rhine-Westphalia | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, |
Wallmersbach Südwind S77 Wind Turbine | 2002 | Germany | Uffenheim, Bavaria | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, |
Achim Vestas V66 Wind Turbines | 2002 | Germany | Achim, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 3 units |
Badbergen Südwind S70\1500 wind turbines | 2002 | Germany | Badbergen, Lower-Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m 12 units |
Dinklage Südwind S70\1500 Wind Turbines | 2002 | Germany | Dinklage, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m 5 units |
Beedenbostel Vestas V66 Wind Turbines | 2002 | Germany | Beedenbostel, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 5 units |
Büddenstedt Südwind S77 Wind Turbines | 2002 | Germany | Helmstedt, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Schwagstorf Südwind S70\1500 Wind Turbines | 2002 | Germany | Ostercappeln, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m 12 units |
Kamp-Lintfort Südwind S77 Wind Turbines | 2003 | Germany | Kamp-Lintfort, North Rhine-Westphalia | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Wetzdorf REpower MD77 Wind Turbines | 2003 | Germany | Wetzdorf, Thuringia | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Hilgershausen Südwind S77 Wind Turbines | 2003/ 2004 | Germany | Felsberg, Hesse | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Kirchlinteln Vestas V66 Wind Turbines | 2004 | Germany | Kirchlinteln, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 117 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 66 m, 4 units |
Dretzen Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbines | 2005 | Germany | Dretzen, Brandenburg | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 10 units |
Bad Laer Nordex N90 Wind Turbine | 2005 | Germany | Bad Laer, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 105 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m |
Achmer Nordex N90 wind turbines | 2006 | Germany | Achmer, Lower-Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 105 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m, 9 units |
Alfhausen Nordex N90 wind turbines | Germany | Alfhausen, Lower-Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 105 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 90 m, 12 units | |
Nike Laakdal Wind Park | 2006 | Belgium | Laakdal | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 6 units |
Voltlage Nordex S77 wind turbines | 2006 | Germany | Voltlage, Lower-Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 7 units |
Pattensen REpower MD77 Wind Turbine | 2007 | Germany | Pattensen, Lower Saxony | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m |
Kölkebeck REpower MD77 Wind Turbines | 2007 | Germany | Kölkebeck, North Rhine-Westphalia | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Schorbus REpower MD77 Wind Turbines | 2007 | Germany | Schorbus, Brandenburg | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Illerich Fuhrländer FL 77 Wind Turbines | 2005 | Germany | Illerich, Rheinland-Pfalz | 150 m | 492 ft | 111.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 77 m, 2 units |
Glandorf Fuhrländer FL 70 Wind Turbine | 2003 | Germany | Glandorf, Lower Saxony | 149.5 m | 491 ft | 114.5 m tall tower, rotor diameter of 70 m |
Wustrow Wind Turbine | 1989 | Germany | Wustrow, Mecklenburg–Western Pomerania | 41 m | 135 ft | First industrial wind turbine in former GDR, Vestas V25-200 kW wind turbine with 28.5 m tall tower and rotor diameter of 25 m |
Chimneys/Smokestacks
[edit]The majority of tall lattice chimneys in the world are located in Japan. Unlike other modern developed countries which use reinforced concrete to build tall chimneys Japan has historically used steel until recently for chimney construction.
List of lattice stacks above 150 m/492 ft in height.
indicates a structure that is no longer standing.
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kashima Power Station, stack 1 | 1971 | Japan | Kashima | 231 m | 758 ft | 35°52′47″N 140°41′22″E / 35.87972°N 140.68944°E |
Hitachinaka Power Plant Chimney[384][385] | 2003 | Japan | Hitachinaka | 230 m | 754 ft | Hyperboloid structure |
Schilling Power Plant Chimney[386] | 1962 | Germany | Stade | 220 m | 722 ft | Demolished in 2005 |
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 1[387] | Belgium | Antwerp | 211 m | 694 ft | ||
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 2[388] | Belgium | Antwerp | 205 m | 673 ft | ||
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 3[389] | Belgium | Antwerp | 204 m | 669 ft | ||
Kashima Kyodo power station | Japan | Kashima | 203 m | 665 ft | 35°56′31″N 140°41′19″E / 35.94194°N 140.68861°E | |
JFE East Japan Works, stack 1[390] | Japan | Chiba | 201 m | 660 ft | 35°34′21″N 140°5′12″E / 35.57250°N 140.08667°E | |
Anegasaki Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Anegasaki | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°29′06″N 140°01′00″E / 35.48500°N 140.01667°E | |
Anegasaki Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Anegasaki | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°29′06″N 140°01′00″E / 35.48500°N 140.01667°E | |
Anegasaki Power Station, stack 3 | Japan | Anegasaki | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°29′06″N 140°01′00″E / 35.48500°N 140.01667°E | |
West Japan Iron and Steel Works, JFE Steel Corporation[391] | Japan | Fukuyama | 200 m | 656 ft | No. 5 Sintering Plant | |
Futtsu Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Futtsu | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Futtsu Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Futtsu | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Kansaidenryokuhimeji Daini Power Station | Japan | Himeji | 200 m | 656 ft | 34°46′19″N 134°41′38″E / 34.77194°N 134.69389°E | |
Kansaidenryokuhimeji Daiichi Power Station | Japan | Himeji | 200 m | 656 ft | 34°46′21″N 134°39′57″E / 34.77250°N 134.66583°E | |
Kashima Power Station, stack 2 | 1971 | Japan | Kashima | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°52′47″N 140°41′22″E / 35.87972°N 140.68944°E |
Kashima Power Station, stack 3 | 1971 | Japan | Kashima | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°52′47″N 140°41′22″E / 35.87972°N 140.68944°E |
Hikari Area Yamaguchi Works | Japan | Kashima | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°55′34″N 140°40′40″E / 35.92611°N 140.67778°E | |
Kimitsu Steel Works | Japan | Kimitsu | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Kyushudenryoku Shinkokura Power Station[392] | Japan | Kitakyushu | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Tobata Co-operative Thermal Power Co., Ltd.[393] | Japan | Kitakyushu | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Nippon Steel Nagoya Works | Japan | Nagoya | 200 m | 656 ft | 35°2′22″N 136°52′27″E / 35.03944°N 136.87417°E | |
Kansai Denryoku Kanagawa Power Station | Japan | Sennan | 200 m | 656 ft | 34°19′24″N 135°7′48″E / 34.32333°N 135.13000°E | |
Sodegaura Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Sodegaura | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Sodegaura Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Sodegaura | 200 m | 656 ft | ||
Stadtwerketurm[394] | 1967 | Germany | Duisburg | 200 m | 656 ft | Lattice section is only the upper 135 m / 443 ft, partially dismantled and no longer in use |
Sinter Plant (Nippon Steel Sumitomo Metal Corp) | Japan | Kitakyushu | 198 m | 649 ft | 33°55′30″N 130°51′3″E / 33.92500°N 130.85083°E | |
JFE East Japan Works, stack 2[390] | Japan | Chiba | 190 m | 630 ft | 35°34′33″N 140°5′57″E / 35.57583°N 140.09917°E | |
JFE East Japan Works, stack 3[390] | Japan | Chiba | 189 m | 628 ft | 35°34′17″N 140°5′16″E / 35.57139°N 140.08778°E | |
Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Kyushu Works Steelmaking Department[395][circular reference] | Japan | Kitakyushu | 189 m | 620 ft | ||
Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 4[396] | Belgium | Antwerp | 185 m | 607 ft | ||
Chiba Refinery and Petrochemical Plant, stack 1[397] | Japan | Ichihara | 183 m | 599 ft | 35°29′5″N 140°2′2″E / 35.48472°N 140.03389°E | |
Yokkaichi Kombinato petrochemical processing facilities | Japan | Yokkaichi | 182 m | 598 ft | 34°59′0″N 136°39′23″E / 34.98333°N 136.65639°E | |
TEPCO Goikaryoku Fuel & Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Goikaryoku | 181 m | 593 ft | 35°32′49″N 140°4′11″E / 35.54694°N 140.06972°E | |
Sulfuric Acid Workshop Chimney[398] | 1980 | Ukraine | Konstantinovka | 180 m | 592 ft | demolished in 2018 |
1st Chimney of SK-46[399] | 1984 | Ukraine | Zhovti Vody | 180 m | 591 ft | demolished in 2015 |
2nd Chimney of SK-46[400] | 1987 | Ukraine | Zhovti Vody | 180 m | 591 ft | |
Nippon Steel Co., Ltd. Kyushu Works Steelmaking Department[395][circular reference] | Japan | Kitakyushu | 180 m | 591 ft | ||
Kashima Iron Works power station | Japan | Kashima | 180 m | 591 ft | 35°56′49″N 140°41′19″E / 35.947067°N 140.688737°E | |
Kainan (Hainan) Thermal Power Plant,[401] stack 1 | Japan | Kainan | 180 m | 590 ft | ||
Kainan (Hainan) Thermal Power Plant, stack 2 | Japan | Kainan | 180 m | 590 ft | ||
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Osaka | 180 m | 590 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E | |
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Osaka | 180 m | 590 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E | |
Dengan Kaihatsu Takasago Karyoku Power Station | Japan | Takasago | 180 m | 590 ft | 34°35′13″N 134°45′55″E / 34.58694°N 134.76528°E | |
Yokosuka Thermal Power Station, stack 1 | Japan | Yokosuka City | 180 m | 591 ft | Demolished in 2020 | |
Yokosuka Thermal Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Yokosuka City | 180 m | 591 ft | Demolished in 2021 | |
Yokosuka Thermal Power Station, stack 3 | Japan | Yokosuka City | 180 m | 591 ft | Demolished in 2021 | |
Onahama Smelting Co., Ltd[402] | Japan | Onahama | 170 m | 559 ft | 36°56′37″N 140°52′53″E / 36.94361°N 140.88139°E | |
West Japan Iron and Steel Works, JFE Steel Corporation[391] | Japan | Fukuyama | 166 m | 545 ft | ||
Chimney of UkrZinc[403] | Ukraine | Konstantinovka | 165 m | 541 ft | demolished | |
Kimitsu Steel Works | Japan | Kimitsu | 162 m | 531 ft | ||
Osaka Refinery, stack 1 | Japan | Osaka | 162 m | 530 ft | 34°31′57″N 135°24′44″E / 34.53250°N 135.41222°E | |
Osaka Refinery, stack 2 | Japan | Osaka | 162 m | 530 ft | 34°31′59″N 135°24′32″E / 34.53306°N 135.40889°E | |
Nitric Acid Shop Chimney[404] | Ukraine | Siverodonetsk | 155 m | 509 ft | ||
JFE East Japan Works, stack 4[390] | Japan | Chiba | 151 m | 495 ft | 35°34′41″N 140°5′36″E / 35.57806°N 140.09333°E | |
Yutaka Chemical Mizushima Plant | Japan | Kurashiki | 151 m | 495 ft | 34°30′52″N 133°43′40″E / 34.51444°N 133.72778°E | |
Legnica Copper Smelter[405] | Poland | Legnica | 150 m | 493 ft | ||
RK Saltivska Chimney[406] | 1969 | Ukraine | Kharkiv | 150 m | 492 ft | |
Weak Nitric Acid Shop of Severodonetsk[407] | Ukraine | Siverodonetsk | 150 m | 492 ft | ||
West Japan Iron and Steel Works, JFE Steel Corporation[391] | Japan | Fukuyama | 150 m | 492 ft | No. 4 Sintering Plant | |
Setouchi Joint Thermal Power Co., Ltd.[408] | Japan | Fukuyama | 150 m | 492 ft | ||
TEPCO Goikaryoku Fuel & Power Station, stack 2 | Japan | Goikaryoku | 150 m | 492 ft | 35°32′54″N 140°4′21″E / 35.54833°N 140.07250°E | |
COSMO Oil refinery | Japan | Goikaryoku | 150 m | 492 ft | 35°32′31″N 140°4′34″E / 35.54194°N 140.07611°E | |
Chiba Refinery, Kyokuto Petroleum or JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, stack 1 | Japan | Ichihara | 150 m | 492 ft | 35°30′58″N 140°2′48″E / 35.51611°N 140.04667°E | |
Chiba Refinery, Kyokuto Petroleum or JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation, stack 2 | Japan | Ichihara | 150 m | 492 ft | 35°30′59″N 140°2′58″E / 35.51639°N 140.04944°E | |
Chiba Refinery and Petrochemical Plant, stack 2 | Japan | Ichihara | 150 m | 492 ft | 35°29′11″N 140°2′11″E / 35.48639°N 140.03639°E | |
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 3 | Japan | Osaka | 150 m | 492 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E | |
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 4 | Japan | Osaka | 150 m | 492 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E | |
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 5 | Japan | Osaka | 150 m | 492 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E | |
Sakaiko Power Station, stack 6 | Japan | Osaka | 150 m | 492 ft | 34°34′8″N 135°26′27″E / 34.56889°N 135.44083°E | |
Flarestick 4 of PKN Orlen[409] | 2009 | Poland | Plock | 147 m | 481 ft |
Oil Platforms
[edit]List of oil platforms with a steel jacket above 300 m / 1000 ft in height.
Name | Year | Built in | Current location | Height m | Height ft | Type | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Petronius Compliant Tower | 2000 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 640 | 2,100 | Compliant tower | Tallest freestanding structure in the world 2000-2008 |
Baldpate Compliant Tower | 1998 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 581.5 | 1,908 | Compliant tower | Tallest freestanding structure in the world 1998-2000 |
Bullwinkle Platform | 1989 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 529 | 1,736 | Truss tower | Tallest fixed/rigged freestanding structure built in water |
Benguela-Belize Lobito-Tomboco Platform[6] | 2008 | United States | Congo basin | 512 | 1,680 | Compliant tower | |
Pompano Platform | 1994 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 477 | 1,565 | Truss tower | |
Tombua Landana platform[9] | 2009 | United States | Congo basin | 474 | 1,554 | Compliant tower | |
Coelacanth Platform[14] | 2016 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 400 | 1,312 | Truss tower | |
Cognac Platform[15] | 1977 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 385.5 | 1,265 | Fixed truss tower | |
Harmony Platform[12] | 1992 | South Korea[13] | California | 366 | 1,200 | Fixed truss tower | height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform |
Hondo Platform[19] | 1976 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 354.5 | 1,163 | Truss tower | |
Virgo Platform[12] | 1999 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 344 | 1,130 | Truss tower | height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform |
Cerveza Platform[21] | 1981 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 327 | 1,073 | Truss tower | |
Cerveza Light Platform[21] | 1981 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 327 | 1,073 | Truss tower | |
Heritage Platform[12] | 1992 | South Korea[13] | California | 326 | 1,070 | Truss tower | height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform |
Amberjack Platform[12] | 1991 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 314 | 1,030 | Truss tower | height is only to water level likely to be as taller than the Cognac Platform |
Jackup Rigs
[edit]List of jackup rigs above 150 m (490 ft) in height.
Name | Year | Country | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noble Lloyd Noble[410] | 214 m | 702 ft | |||
XL Enhanced (XLE), Ultra Harsh Environment jackup[411] | 2016 | 206.8 m | 678 ft | 4 vessels | |
Cat J super-rigs[412] | 198 m | 650 ft |
Pillars of aerial tramways
[edit]Tramway | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New Eibsee Aerial Tramway Pylon[413] | 2017 | Germany | Grainau | 127.1 m | 417 ft | |
Glacial Aerial Tramway Kaprun III | 1966 | Austria | Kaprun | 113.6 m | 372 ft | |
Torre Jaume I | 1931 | Spain | Barcelona | 107 m | 351 ft | Intermediate stop, also observation tower |
Gant Hohtaelli Aerial Tramway | ? | Switzerland | Zermatt | 94 m | 308 ft | |
Old Eibsee Aerial Tramway pylon 1 | 1962 | Germany | Garmisch-Partenkirchen | 85 m | 279 ft | Demolished in 2017 and replaced by a taller single pylon |
3S Aerial Tramway | 2004 | Austria | Kitzbühel | 80 m | 262 ft | |
Torre Sant Sebastia | 1931 | Spain | Barcelona | 78 m | 256 ft | Terminal of harbour aerial tramway of Barcelona Spain |
Wendelstein Aerial Tramway | 1970 | Germany | Bischofsmais | 75 m | 246 ft | |
Sandia Peak Tramway | 1965 | United States | Albuquerque | 70.7 m | 232 ft | inclined in an angle of 18 degree |
Old Eibsee Aerial Tramway pylon 2 | 1962 | Germany | Garmisch-Partenkirchen | 65 m | 213 ft | Demolished in 2017 and replaced by a taller single pylon |
Rides
[edit]List of amusement park rides that make use of a steel lattice tower above 100 m / 328 ft in height.
Tower | Year | Country | Town | Theme Park | Height m | Height ft | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kingda Ka & Zumanjaro: Drop of Doom | 2005 | United States | Jackson, New Jersey | Six Flags Great Adventure | 139 m | 456 ft | Intamin |
Top Thrill Dragster | 2003 | United States | Sandusky, Ohio | Cedar Point | 128 m | 420 ft | Intamin |
Superman: Escape from Krypton | 1997 | United States | Santa Clarita, California | Six Flags Magic Mountain | 126.5 m | 415 ft | Intamin |
Texas SkyScreamer | 2013 | United States | Arlington, Texas | Six Flags Over Texas | 122 m | 400 ft | Funtime |
Eclipse[414] | 2013 | Sweden | Stockholm | Gröna Lund | 121.9 m | 400 ft | Funtime |
Highlander | 2019 | Germany | Sierksdorf | Hansa-Park | 120 m | 394 ft | Funtime |
La Venganza del Enigma | Spain | Madrid | Parque Warner Madrid | 115 m | 377 ft | S&S Worldwide | |
Red Force | 2017 | Spain | Catalonia | Ferrari Land | 112 m | 367 ft | Intamin |
Donjon de l'Extrême | France | Dolancourt | Nigloland | 105 m | 345 ft | Funtime |
Monuments
[edit]Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trylon and Perisphere | 1939 | United States | New York City | 186 m | 610 ft | Monument built for the 1939 New York World's Fair, demolished in 1941[415] |
Ring of Life[416] | 2012 | China | Fushun | 157 m | 515 ft | |
Torre del Reformador | 1935 | Guatemala | Guatemala City | 75 m | 246 ft | |
Gate Tower Clio | 1990 | Netherlands | Groningen | 43 m | 141 ft | |
Shall we Dance | 2007 | Netherlands | Doetinchem | 37 m | 121 ft | |
Zauberlehrling | 2013 | Germany | Oberhausen | 35 m | 115 ft | |
Mount Gorbea summit cross | 1907 | Spain | Mount Gorbea | 17.2 m | 89 ft |
Lighthouses
[edit]Tower | Year | Country | Town | meters | feet |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recalada a Bahía Blanca Light | 1906 | Argentina | Monte Hermoso | 67 | 220 |
Campen Lighthouse | 1889 | Germany | Krummhörn | 65.3 | 214 |
Adziogol Lighthouse | 1911 | Ukraine | Rybalche | 64 | 211 |
Carysfort Reef Light | 1852 | United States | Key Largo, Florida | 36.6 | 120 |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/DUGA_Radar_Array_near_Chernobyl%2C_Ukraine_2014.jpg/220px-DUGA_Radar_Array_near_Chernobyl%2C_Ukraine_2014.jpg)
Other uses
[edit]Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sky Ride, East tower | 1933 | United States | Chicago | 191 m | 628 ft | attraction built for the 1933 World's Fair, demolished on Aug 29 1935 |
Sky Ride, West tower | 1933 | United States | Chicago | 191 m | 628 ft | demolished in 1933 |
George Washington Bridge, East tower | 1931 | United States | New York | 184 m | 604 ft | |
George Washington Bridge, West tower | 1931 | United States | New York | 184 m | 604 ft | |
Meteorological Towers of Høvsøre Wind Turbine Test Centre, Tower 1[417] | 2004 | Denmark | Bøvlingbjerg | 165 m | 541 ft | used for wind measurements (a measurement tower) |
Meteorological Towers of Høvsøre Wind Turbine Test Centre, Tower 2[417] | 2004 | Denmark | Bøvlingbjerg | 165 m | 541 ft | used for wind measurements |
Arts Centre Melbourne | 1996 | Australia | Melbourne | 162 m | 532 ft | performing arts centre, rebuilt, height includes building structure at base, original lattice tower completed in 1981 was 115m |
Panmunjom Flagpole | 2009 | North Korea | Peace Village | 160 m | 525 ft | Flagpole |
Duga radar | 1976 | Ukraine | Chernihiv | 150 m | 492 ft | Over-the-horizon radar, comprising 17 towers |
Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center[418] | 2010 | Kazakhstan | Nur-Sultan | 150 m | 492 f | Entertainment Center, glass dome structurally supported by an internal 3-legged lattice structure[419] |
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, tower 1 | 2014 | United States | California | 139.9 m | 459 ft | Solar power tower |
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, tower 2 | 2014 | United States | California | 139.9 m | 459 ft | Solar power tower |
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, tower 3 | 2014 | United States | California | 139.9 m | 459 ft | Solar power tower |
Zeitzeichensender Pragins I[420] | 1931 | Switzerland | Prangins | 125 m | 410 ft | used to broadcast Time Signal |
Zeitzeichensender Pragins II[421] | 1931 | Switzerland | Prangins | 125 m | 410 ft | used to broadcast Time Signal |
Oak Ridge DOE Reservation Water Tower | United States | Tennessee | 111 m | 365 ft | Water tank, demolished August 3, 2013[422] possibly the tallest traditional steel water tower built | |
Rattling Brook Power Plant Surge Tank[423] | 1958 | Canada | Jackson's Arm | 94.75 m | 311 ft | Surge tank, tallest steel plate structure in the world when built |
Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Water Tower | Canada | Chalk River | 91.5 m | 300 ft | Water tank, demolished June 3, 2017[424] | |
John Hart Dam Surge Tank 1 | 1947 | Canada | Vancouver Island | 90 m | 295 ft | Surge tank |
John Hart Dam Surge Tank 2 | 1947 | Canada | Vancouver Island | 90 m | 295 ft | Surge tank, demolished July 25, 2019[425] |
John Hart Dam Surge Tank 3 | 1947 | Canada | Vancouver Island | 90 m | 295 ft | Surge tank, demolished July 12, 2019[426] |
Parachute Tower Katowice | 1937 | Poland | Katowice | 75 m | 246 ft | Parachute tower |
Eindhoven Water Towers | 1970 | Netherlands | Eindhoven | 43 m | 142 ft | Water tower |
Wooden lattice towers
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gliwice_Radiostacja_DSC_9386.jpg/220px-Gliwice_Radiostacja_DSC_9386.jpg)
Existing towers
[edit]Tower | Year | Country | Town | Pinnacle height | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radio Tower Gliwice | 1935 | Poland | Gliwice | 118 m | Museum on Radio History and Visual Arts |
Randsburg Wash Target Test Towers | 1951 | United States | Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake | 109.73 m | Two towers, used for hanging up targets for guided missiles |
Rottenbuch Radio Tower | 2002 | Germany | Peiting | 66 m | Tower for directional radio and mobile phone services |
Tour du Millénaire | 2001 | Belgium | Gedinne | 60 m | interesting design |
Himmelsglück Observation Tower | 2021 | Germany | Schömberg | 55 m | observation tower |
Aalborgtårnet | 1933 | Denmark | Aalborg | 54.9 m | observation tower |
Aerial test facility Brück | 1963 | Germany | Brück | 54 m | Two towers of different design |
Torre de Herveo | 1922 | Colombia | Manizales | 52 m | former support structure of aerial tramway |
Observation Tower Blumenthal | 2004 | Germany | Blumenthal | 45 m | observation tower |
Copenhagen Zoo Tower | 1905 | Denmark | Copenhagen | 43.5 | observation tower |
Chuderhüsi Tower | 2001 | Switzerland | Röthenbach | 42 m | observation tower |
Teltschik Tower | 2001 | Germany | Wilhelmsfeld | 41 m | observation tower |
Veitsch Mount of Olives Pilgrims Cross | 2004 | Austria | Veitsch | 40.6 m | observation tower |
Wil Tower | 2006 | Switzerland | Wil | 38 m | observation tower |
Raiffeisen Observation Tower | 1990 | Germany | Aldorf | 35 m | observation tower |
Oberpfalz Tower | 2000 | Germany | Platte | 35 m | observation tower |
Loorenkopf Observation Tower | 1954 | Switzerland | Zurich | 33 m | observation tower |
Ossinger Tower | 2013 | Germany | Ossinger mountain | 32 m | observation tower |
Eugen-Keidel Tower | 1981 | Germany | Schauinsland mountain | 31 m | observation tower |
Atzelberg Tower | 1980 | Germany | Kelkheim | 30.39 m | observation tower |
Fire observation Tower Rennbeck | ? | Germany | Oer | 30 m | fire observation tower |
Idarkopf Tower | 1980 | Germany | Idarkopf | 28 m | observation tower |
Hohenmirsberg Observation Tower | 2008 | Germany | Pottenstein | 28 m | observation tower |
Höhbeck Observation Tower | 2008 | Germany | Höhbeck | 26 m | observation tower |
Loth Tower | 2003 | Switzerland | Magglingen | 25 m | observation tower |
Salzkopfturm | 1975 | Germany | Salzkopf | 24 m | observation tower |
Observation Tower Burgstall | 2000 | Austria | Kirchberg/Donau | 24 m | observation tower |
Krawutschke Tower | 1972 | Germany | Burgberg | 13 m | observation tower |
Destroyed Wooden lattice towers
[edit]Tower | Year | Country | Town | Pinnacle height | Date of demolition | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transmission Tower Mühlacker | 1934 | Germany | Mühlacker | 190 m | April 6, 1945 | |
Transmitter Berlin-Tegel | 1933 | Germany | Berlin | 165 m | December 16, 1948 | |
Sendeturm Ismaning | 1932 | Germany | Ismaning | 163 m | March 16, 1983 | |
Sendeturm Langenberg | 1934 | Germany | Velbert-Langenberg | 160 m | October 10, 1935 | destroyed by a tornado |
Sendeturm Wiederau | 1935 | Germany | Wiederau | 150 m | October 27, 1953 | |
Sendeturm Hamburg-Billstedt | 1934 | Germany | Hamburg | 145 m | September 1949 | |
Transmitter Żórawina | 1932 | Germany | Żórawina, Poland | 140 m | Fall 1990 | |
Transmitter Nuremberg-Kleinreuth | 1935 | Germany | Nuremberg | 124 m | July 12, 1961 | |
Madona Radio Towers | 1932 | Latvia | Madona | 116 m | 1944 | |
Transmitter Heilsberg | 1935 | Germany | Lidzbark Warmiński, Poland | 115 m | 1940 | |
Freiburg-Lehen transmitter | 1933 | Germany | Freiburg | 107 m | April 21, 1945 | |
Heiligenstock transmitter | 1934 | Germany | Frankfurt/Main | 107 m | March 25, 1945 | |
Transmitter Koblenz | 1934 | Germany | Koblenz | 107 m | 1965 | |
Transmitter Trier | 1935 | Germany | Trier | 107 m | 1948 | |
Transmitter Heilsberg | 1930 | Germany | Lidzbark Warmiński, Poland | 102 m | 1935 | Two towers |
Reichenbach transmitter | 1937 | Germany | Reichenbach/Oberlausitz | 100 m | May 7, 1945 | |
Golm transmitter | 1948 | Germany | Golm | 100 m | October 25, 1979 | |
Latting Observatory | 1853 | United States | New York City | 96 m | 1856 | Observation tower, destroyed by a fire |
Stettin Radio Tower | 1934 | Poland | Szczecin | 93 m | 1945 | |
Utbremen Radio Tower | 1933 | Germany | Bremen | 90 m | 1939 | destroyed by lightning |
Flensburg Radio Tower | 1928 | Germany | Flensburg | 90 m | 1957 | |
Pillar of Mittersill goods aerial tramway | 194? | Austria | Mittersill | 80 m | 195? | Aerial tramway support pillar of goods aerial tramway, which never went in service |
Stadelheim Transmitter | 1926 | Germany | Munich-Stadelheim | 75 m | 1930s | Two towers |
Chain Home Reception Towers | 1939 | UK | multiple locations | 73.15 m | 1945–1960 | |
Cricklade Radio Tower | 1967 | United Kingdom | Cricklade | 73.15 m | January 26, 2000 | [1] |
Wood Transmitting Tower Zeesen | 1931 | Germany | Zeesen | 70 m | 1939 | |
Reception Tower Utlandshörn | 1935 | Germany | Utlandshörn | 65 m | 1977 | |
Towers of South Wellfleet Marconi Wireless Station | 1902 | United States | South Wellfleet, Massachusetts | 64 m | 1920 | 4 towers [427] |
Towers of Königsberg Air Traffic Control Centre | 1926 | Russia | Kaliningrad | 63 m | 1945 | Two towers |
Palatine Transmitter | 1926 | Germany | Kaiserslautern | 60 m | 1945 | Two towers |
Huizen transmitter | 1937 | Netherlands | Huizen | 60 m | 1940 | |
Central mast of Boguchwala transmitter | 1953 | Poland | Boguchwala | 60 m | 1957 | |
Holmudden Radar Tower[2] | 1948 | Sweden | Holmudden | ? | 1958 | |
Wardenclyffe Tower | 1899 | United States | Shoreham | 57 m | 1917 | |
Wiesbaden Bismarck Tower | 1910 | Germany | Wiesbaden | 50 m | 1918 | |
Sahlenburg Marine Radio Station | 1937 | Germany | Cuxhaven | 50 m | 1967/1970 | Three towers, two demolished in 1967, third tower demolished in 1970 |
Stolp transmitter | 1938/1939 | Poland | Dębnica Kaszubska | 50 m | 1955 | 7 towers |
Jelenia Góra transmitter | 1957 | Poland | Jelenia Góra | 47 m | 1967 | |
Towers of triangle antenna Langenberg | 1935 | Germany | Velbert-Langenberg | 45 m | April 12, 1945 | Three towers |
Goethe Tower | 1931 | Germany | Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen | 43 m | October 12, 2017 | Destroyed in a fire |
Bayreuth transmitter, T-antenna | 194? | Germany | Bayreuth | 40 m | 1954 | 2 towers in a distance of 70 metres |
Augsburg-Hochzoll transmitter | 194? | Germany | Augsburg | 40 m | 1952 | 2 towers |
Kempten-Engelshalde Transmitter | 1951 | Germany | Kempten | 40 m | 1956 | Two towers |
Heusweiler Mast 1 | 1935 | Germany | Heusweiler | 35 m | March 17, 1945 | |
Schneeberg Air Force Tower | 1938 | Germany | Bischofsgrün | 35 m | 1942 | |
Heusweiler Mast 2 | 1935 | Germany | Heusweiler | 31 m | March 17, 1945 | |
Holzbergturm | 2005 | Germany | Malente | 28 m | 2017 | observation tower |
Tallest lattice towers, by design type
[edit]List of the tallest lattice towers by common(min 5) design types.
design Type | total built | Name | Year | Built in | City/location | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Compliant tower(Oil Platform) | 5 | Petronius Compliant Tower | 2000 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 640 | 2,100 | tallest lattice tower of any type, |
Additionally supported by a solid core, Concrete | unknown >10 | Tokyo Skytree | 2012 | Japan | Sumida, Tokyo | 634 | 2,080 | tallest lattice tower of any type built on land |
Self-supported steel truss of any type | unknown | Bullwinkle Platform | 1989 | United States | Gulf of Mexico | 529 | 1,736 | tallest fixed/rigged freestanding steel-only truss structure built on land or sea |
Additionally supported by a solid core, Steel | unknown >10 | Kyiv TV Tower | 1973 | Ukraine | Kyiv | 385 | 1,263 | |
Hydro Pylons | thousands | Jintang and Cezi islands Overhead Powerline Tie, East & West towers | 2019 | China | Jintang Island | 380 | 1,247 | tallest pylons in the world |
4-sided steel lattice tower(land-based) | thousands | Tokyo Tower | 1957 | Japan | Tokyo | 333 | 1,093 | |
3-sided steel lattice tower | thousands | WITI TV Tower | 1962 | United States | Shorewood, Wisconsin | 329.4 | 1,081 | |
Landmark tower | 10 | Star Tower | 1991 | United States | Cincinnati, Ohio | 290.8 m | 954 ft | |
Hyperboloid structure | >10 | Perm TV Tower | 2016 | Russia | Perm | 275 m | 902 ft | |
Top guyed lattice tower, featuring a guyed upper section with four horizontal crossbars | 5 | Grodno TV Tower | 1984 | Belarus | Grodno | 254 m | 833 ft | tallest freestanding structure in Belarus |
Annapolis type | 40~ | Lafayette transmitter, Towers 1-8 | 1918 | France | Marcheprime | 250 m | 820 ft | demolished in 1944 & 1953 |
Non-tapering | unknown >100 | Noble Lloyd Noble(Oil Platform) | 214 m | 702 ft | all lattice towers above this height use a tapering design | |||
3803 KM design | 83 | Edineţ TV Tower & Rezeknes TV Tower | ? | Latvia | Edineţ & Rezeknes | 204 m | 669 ft | |
Wooden lattice tower | unknown >100 | Transmission Tower Mühlacker | 1934 | Germany | 190 m | 623 ft | demolished in 1945, tallest structure ever built out of wood |
Unique lattice tower designs. Minimum height of 120 m / 400 ft.
indicates a structure that is no longer standing.
Hyperboloid structures
[edit]Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perm TV tower[42] | 2016 | Russia | Perm | 275 m | 902 ft | |
Moscow Octod Tower | 2006 | Russia | Moscow | 258 m | 846 ft | |
Hitachinaka Power Plant Chimney[384][385] | 2003 | Japan | Hitachinaka | 230 m | 754 ft | Lattice chimney |
Orion Tower[88][89] | 2001 | Russia | Samara | 201 m | 660 ft | |
Radio Mast at Krupskoi Street[219] | 2003 | Russia | Perm | 180 m | 591 ft | |
Shukhov radio Tower | 1922 | Russia | Moscow | 160 m | 525 ft | |
Pylons of Cádiz, west tower | 1960 | Spain | Cádiz | 158 m | 518 ft | Electrical pylons |
Pylons of Cádiz, east tower | 1960 | Spain | Cádiz | 158 m | 518 ft | Electrical pylons |
Shukhov tower on the Oka River, west tower | 1929 | Russia | Dzerzhinsk | 128 m | 420 ft | Electrical pylons |
Shukhov tower on the Oka River, east tower | 1929 | Russia | Dzerzhinsk | 128 m | 420 ft | Electrical pylons, demolished in May 2005. |
Gettysburg National Tower | 1974 | United States | Gettysburg, Pennsylvania | 120 m | 394 ft | demolished on July 3, 2000 |
Landmark towers
[edit]Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Star Tower | 1991 | United States | Cincinnati, Ohio | 291 m | 954 ft | Tallest Landmark tower ever built, assembled by helicopter |
Hughes Memorial Tower | 1989 | United States | Washington, DC | 232 m | 761 ft | Tallest structure in Washington DC |
Yiye Avila Tower | 1991 | United States | Utuado, Puerto Rico | 167 m | 548 ft | Tallest freestanding structure in Puerto Rico. Collapsed during Hurricane Maria |
WLLY Tower[287][288] | 1995[428] | United States | Mangonia Park, Florida | 158.2 m | 519 ft | |
Mesquite Tower | 1990 | United States | Mesquite, Texas | 155.3 m | 509.5 ft | |
Cumulus Media Tower[347][348] | <2002 | United States | Shreveport, Louisiana | 152 m | 499 ft | |
Tower at 3551 J.R. Lynch Street (Extension)[359] | <1996 | United States | Jackson, Mississippi | 152 m | 499 ft | |
Telecourier Communications Tower[429] | 1989 | United States | Bloomington, Illinois | 152 m | 418 ft |
Blaw-Knox towers
[edit]Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lakihegy Tower | 1946 | Hungary | Szigetszentmiklós-Lakihegy | 314 m | 1030 ft | The current tower is a rebuild of the original tower which was constructed in 1933 but destroyed at the end of World War II.[430] |
Liblice Blaw-Knox Radio Mast[431] | 1936 | Czech Republic | Liblice | 280.40 m | 920 ft | demolished on October 17, 1972 |
WSM Tower | 1932 | United States | Nashville, Tennessee | 246 m | 808 ft | The first Blaw-Knox tower ever built, originally 267 m (874 ft) in height |
WLW Tower | 1934 | United States | Cincinnati, Ohio | 227 m | 747 ft | Originally 253 m (831 ft) in height |
Vakarel Blaw-Knox Radio Mast[432] | 1937 | Bulgaria | Elin Pelin | 215 | 705 ft | demolished on September 16, 2020[433] |
WBT Tower 1 | 1934 | United States | Charlotte, North Carolina | 130 m | 426 ft | Three towers in total, one original, two reproductions from the original plans after the originals were destroyed by Hurricane Hugo in 1989. |
WBT Tower 2 | 1989 | United States | Charlotte, North Carolina | 130 m | 426 ft | |
WBT Tower 3 | 1989 | United States | Charlotte, North Carolina | 130 m | 426 ft | |
WADO Tower[434] | 1934 | United States | Carlstadt, New Jersey | 129 m | 424 ft | Demolished on October 17, 1999 |
LVRTC Riga Blaw Knox Radiator[435] | 1947 | Latvia | Riga | 125 m | 410 ft | Demolished in 2010 |
WFEA Tower[436] | 1931 | United States | Manchester, New Hampshire | 121 m | 396 ft |
Top guyed lattice towers
[edit]Tower | Year | Country | Town | Height m | Height ft | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grodno TV Tower | 1984 | Belarus | Grodno | 254 m | 833 ft | Tallest freestanding structure in Belarus |
Vitebsk TV Tower | 1983 | Belarus | Vitebsk | 244 m | 801 ft | |
Astara TV Tower | 1981 | Republic of Azerbaijan | Astara | 243.84 m | 800 ft | |
Wavre Transmitter | 1983 | Belgium | Wavre | 232 m | 761 ft | Tallest lattice tower in Belgium |
Tour Dégueu[367] | ? | Belgium | Leglise-Anlier | 151 m | 495 ft |
See also
[edit]- List of towers
- List of tallest towers
- List of tallest structures
- List of tallest freestanding steel structures
- List of tallest buildings and structures
- List of tallest oil platforms
- Architectural structure
- Hyperboloid structure
- Partially guyed tower
- Additionally guyed tower
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Shell Will Build Skyscraper-Sized Oil Rig". The New York Times. 13 December 1975. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ a b "Popular Science". January 1981. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Into the abyss – the world's deepest offshore oil rigs". 11 October 2011. Archived from the original on 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Japan finishes Tokyo Sky Tree". www.mmtimes.com. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ "The Story of TOKYO SKYTREE® Manga Design Guide | TOKYO SKYTREE". Archived from the original on 2021-07-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Chevron Announces First Oil Production from Benguela-Belize Development, Deepwater Block 14, Offshore Angola | Chevron Corporation". Archived from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "StackPath". February 2006. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Charting New Waters: Decommissioning of Deepwater Structures". 9 March 2013. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ a b "Tombua-Landana Project - Offshore Technology | Oil and Gas News and Market Analysis". Offshore Technology. Archived from the original on 2021-12-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "StackPath". December 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Heerema Marine Contractors | Projects". Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-12-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b c d e f Fry, R.K.; Rhude, D.E. (1988). "Fabrication of the Harmony and Heritage Jackets for 1,200 and 1,075 Ft of Water in California's Santa Barbara Channel". Offshore Technology Conference. doi:10.4043/5773-MS. Archived from the original on 2018-06-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Coelacanth Project - Walter Oil & Gas Corporation". Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Oil Rig – A-Cognac". 12 September 2017. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "China begins construction of world's highest power pylon". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 3 October 2017. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ a b "World's tallest electricity towers undergo final check in China". YouTube. 6 January 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-12-05.
- ^ "Tashkent TV Tower, Sights of Uzbekistan, Sights of Tashkent, The restaurant "Koinot"". Archived from the original on 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Exxon Nears Completion of Deepest Offshore Rig". The New York Times. 10 November 1976. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ a b CS Tower. "Projects – CS Tower – A leading Steel Tower Manufacturer in the World". Archived from the original on 2020-02-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b c d "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Campbell, Matt (13 November 2018). "Will the KCTV5 tower ever light up the KC skyline again? We answer your KCQ". Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on 13 November 2018.
- ^ a b "TV-Tower, Foshan | 133807". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b "乌鲁木齐广播电台 / Radio stations in Ürümqi, China — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Torre de TV de Brasília, Brasília | 119903". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b "长春广播电台 / Radio stations in Changchun, China — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Guangdong TV Tower, Guangzhou". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on 2020-07-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Dalian Radio & TV Tower, Dalian". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "News Release | TAKENAKA CORPORATION". Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Elitch Gardens Observation Tower, Denver | 220420". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-01-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Architectural plans of Morecambe Tower - Archives Hub". Archived from the original on 2021-06-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Special". Archived from the original on 2021-05-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Eiffel Tower, Paris". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Eiffel Tower key stats : The Tower in numbers". 30 October 2017. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "Guyed tower". 22 January 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "Doordarshan, AIR tower lying defunct, yet to rule air waves in Amritsar". Archived from the original on 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Government move to reduce height of AIR tower draws flak". Archived from the original on 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Here's why AIR bid to check Pakistan's radio propaganda in Punjab is doomed to fail". ThePrint. 24 September 2018. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "Tilted radio tower yet to be rectified". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "AIR's 12-hour Urdu service goes off air, listeners want it back". Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b c d e "Радиостанции в Перми, Россия / Radio stations in Perm, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-11-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ Rirdan, Daniel (2012). The Blueprint: Averting Global Collapse. Daniel Rirdan. ISBN 9781470135881. Archived from the original on 2022-02-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "RCTI Rajawali Citra TV - Jakarta, Indonesia". Archived from the original on 2021-06-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Radio stations in Volgograd, Russia". Radiomap.eu. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "Lafayette transmitter, Marcheprime | 1225903". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "The transmitter sites of Radio Television Luxembourg". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "The antenna site | luxembourg | transmitter site junglinster - rue de la radio - history". Archived from the original on 2016-02-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Novodnistrovsk TV Tower, Dunaivtsi | 1292877 | EMPORIS" (in French). Emporis.fr. Archived from the original on 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Hanoi TV Tower, Hanoi | 1248060". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "TV Tower". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Yakutsk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage Forum". Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Birobidzhan TV Tower, Birobidjan". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russia-kharkiv-tv-tower-ukraine-1.7181309 [bare URL]
- ^ https://line.17qq.com/article/ipbbioejz.html [permanent dead link]
- ^ "TCN 9 Television Tower, Sydney | 1249928". Emporis. Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Marr & Mirvac Remove First Section of Iconic Tv Tower". 11 August 2021.
- ^ "Willoughby TV tower being removed by engineers | 7NEWS". YouTube.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Royal Thai Army - TV5". Archived from the original on 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "History | RPO Sahiwal". Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Melitopol Retransmitter Tower, Melitopol - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
- ^ "Deyang TV Tower, Deyang". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Channel 7/10 TV Tower, Sydney | 1249967 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "WTTG Tower, Washington - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Mariupol TV Tower, Mariupol - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Златоусте, Россия / Radio stations in Zlatoust, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Bol d'Air TV Tower, Seraing | 1225962 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Радиостанции в Череповце, Россия / Radio stations in Cherepovets, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Seattle | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Khmelnytsky TV-tower, Khmelnytskyi - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Архангельске, Россия / Radio stations in Arkhangelsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Cimişlia TV Tower, Cimişlia - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b c d "Novosemeykino Longwave Transmission Towers, Novosemeykino - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b c d "Novosemeykino Transmission Towers (Novosemeykino)". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Cesvaine TV Tower, Cesvaine - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Edineţ TV Tower, Edineţ - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Valmieras TV Tower, Valmieras - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Antananarivo TV Tower, Antananarivo - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Klaipeda Radio and Television Station, Klaipeda - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Daugavpils TV Tower, Daugavpils - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Brisbane Channel 10 TV Tower, Brisbane - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Samara TRK-Orion Tower, Samara | 1258243 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b "Orion Tower in Samara, Russian Federation". 25 January 2020. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Gomel TV Tower, Homel - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Kirovohrad TV Tower, Kropyvnytskyi - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2018-09-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Выборге, Россия / Radio stations in Vyborg, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Khust TV Tower, Khust - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2018-09-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Olevsk Communication Tower, Olevsk - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "VRT Zendmast Genk, Genk | 1225965 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Ciurel Telecommunications Tower, Bucharest - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "TV5 Transmitter Tower, Quezon City | 1209071 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Krasnoyarsk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Радиостанции в Красноярске, Россия / Radio stations in Krasnoyarsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Odessa TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Новосибирске, Россия / Radio stations in Novosibirsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Воронеже, Россия / Radio stations in Voronezh, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-04-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Transamérica, Sao Paulo - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Krasnodar TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Ռադիոկայաններ Երեւանում / Radio stations in Yerevan, Armenia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-10-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Челябинске, Россия / Radio stations in Chelyabinsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Penza Television Centre Transmitter - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Rostov TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Ростове-на-Дону, Россия / Radio stations in Rostov-na-Donu, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Омске, Россия / Radio stations in Omsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Pärnu TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Cherkaska TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Bilopillia TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Trostianets TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Ivano-Frankivsk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Drawings of Tour émettrice de Mulhouse-Belvédère, Mulhouse - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Bryansk TV Tower, Bryansk | 1257195 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Drawings of Dnipropetrovsk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Lugansk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of TV Tower in Kamenske - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Karaganda TV Tower, Qaragandy - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-07-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Mykolaiv TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-07-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Улаанбаатар радиостанц / Radio stations in Ulan Bator, Mongolia — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Tallinn TV Mast, Tallinn - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "Drawings of Yekaterinburg TV Tower (Old) - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Donetsk TV Tower 1 - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Communication Tower, Baku | 103588 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-10-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Радиостанции в Иркутске, Россия / Radio stations in Irkutsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Murmansk TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Lviv TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Simferopol TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Ульяновске, Россия / Radio stations in Ulyanovsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Drawings of Zaporizhzhya TV Tower - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Липецке, Россия / Radio stations in Lipetsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Благовещенске, Россия / Radio stations in Blagoveshchensk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Абакане, Россия / Radio stations in Abakan, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Алматыда радиолар / Radio stations in Almaty, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Павлодарда радиолар / Radio stations in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Томске, Россия / Radio stations in Tomsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Orissaare TV Tower, Orissaare - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Funkturm Leipzig, Leipzig - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Stonehenge Tower, Portland | 239394 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Радиостанции в Братске, Россия / Radio stations in Bratsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Radio stations in Melbourne, Victoria — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-12-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Archived copy". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2020-08-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "The Impact on Cayey, Puerto Rico of the Spanish American War: The Evolution of a Place Called Henry Barracks". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Cambridge Bay residents bid farewell to a trusty old friend". 8 August 2014. Archived from the original on 10 December 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "Soinaste Telemast, Tartu - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Chisinau TV Tower, Chisinau - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Петрозаводске, Россия / Radio stations in Petrozavodsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Ovce Pole Radio Tower, Lozovo - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Семейде радиолар / Radio stations in Semei, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Ekibastuz TV Tower, Ekibastuz - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-07-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Vlessart TV Tower, Léglise - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Stations de radio à Charleroi, Belgique / Radio stations in Charleroi, Belgium — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-12-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "ABC TV transmitter tower, Mount Coot-tha, 1959". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "KWEX-TV Studio Transmitter, San Antonio | 276549 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2021-08-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "What Happened to Arlington's Radio Towers?". Archived from the original on 2021-08-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "NAA Arlington US Naval Radio Station". Archived from the original on 2019-03-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "WHO". Archived from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama - NBA". Archived from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "(image)". navy-radio.com.
- ^ "Naval Radio Transmitting Facility NRTF Chollas Heights NPL". Archived from the original on 2021-08-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "US Naval Radio Station Pearl Harbor - NPM". Archived from the original on 2019-03-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Lualualei Naval Radio Transmitting Facility". Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b c d "Naval Radio Transmitting Facility NRTF Annapolis - NSS". Archived from the original on 2021-08-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "About Us". Archived from the original on 2017-12-17.
- ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-02-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Mulhouse rétro ..." www.lavieamulhouse.com. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Березниках, Россия / Radio stations in Berezniki, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Рязани, Россия / Radio stations in Ryazan, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-12-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Нижнем Новгороде, Россия / Radio stations in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Радиостанции в Уфе, Россия / Radio stations in Ufa, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Казани, Россия / Radio stations in Kazan, Russia". Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-11-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Registration 1002611". Antenna Structure Registration. Federal Communications Commission.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Волгограде, Россия / Radio stations in Volgograd, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции во Владимире, Россия / Radio stations in Vladimir, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Samara TV Tower". Emporis. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Радиостанции в Кемерове, Россия / Radio stations in Kemerovo, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Сочи, Россия / Radio stations in Sochi, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции во Владивостоке, Россия / Radio stations in Vladivostok, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-02-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Арзамасе, Россия / Radio stations in Arzamas, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Тамбове, Россия / Radio stations in Tambov, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Йошкар-Оле, Россия / Radio stations in Yoshkar-Ola, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Астрахани, Россия / Radio stations in Astrakhan, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Чебоксарах, Россия / Radio stations in Cheboksary, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Кургане, Россия / Radio stations in Kurgan, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Ленинске-Кузнецком, Россия / Radio stations in Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Магнитогорске, Россия / Radio stations in Magnitogorsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Новокузнецке, Россия / Radio stations in Novokuznetsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Tula TV Tower, Tula - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Туле, Россия / Radio stations in Tula, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Хабаровске, Россия / Radio stations in Khabarovsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2022-02-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Сыктывкаре, Россия / Radio stations in Syktyvkar, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Donetsk TV Tower 2, Donetsk - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Yarok TV and Radio Tower, Yarok - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Kokshetau TV Tower, Kokshetau | 1227691 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Kokshetau TV Tower, Kokshetau - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Нальчике, Россия / Radio stations in Nalchik, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Andriivka TV Tower, Andriivka - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Kotovsk Communication Tower, Vesternychany - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Междуреченске, Россия / Radio stations in Mezhdurechensk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Chongqing Radio & TV Tower, Chongqing - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Kuldiga TV Tower, Kuldiga - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Radio Mast at Krupskoi Street, Perm | 291412 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2021-10-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Ақтөбеде радиолар / Radio stations in Aqtöbe, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Өскеменде радиолар / Radio stations in Öskemen, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Петропавлда радиолар / Radio stations in Petropavl, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Makchachkala TV Tower, Makhachkala | 1257923 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Радиостанции в Махачкале, Россия / Radio stations in Makhachkala, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Тобольске, Россия / Radio stations in Tobolsk, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-12. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Тюмени, Россия / Radio stations in Tyumen, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Toshkentda radiostansiyalari / Radio stations in Tashkent, Uzbekistan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2014-12-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Ռադիոկայաններ Գյումրիում / Radio stations in Gyumri — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-08-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Smolensk TV Tower, Smolensk - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "千葉テレビ(株) 船橋三山送信所 (千葉県船橋市三山テレビ放送局) - グルコミ". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "WTOB Radio Tower, Winston-Salem | 291176 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Digital Forsyth | WTOB Radio tower at Thruway Shopping Center, lighted for Christmas, 1957". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Thruway Tower Will Come Down". Winston-Salem Journal. October 28, 1967. p. 3. Retrieved April 3, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "The Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia". Archived from the original on 2021-04-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ http://orig.jacksonsun.com/may2003/radio_0510.shtml [permanent dead link]
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-05-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Ministry of Defense Building B, Tokyo - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Tower of Moscow Radio Centre 13, Balashikha | 1226777 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Faded Signals". March 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "The Cincinnati Enquirer from Cincinnati, Ohio on April 18, 1948 · Page 73". 18 April 1948. Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ Johnson, John C. "KGHL Radio 790 Billings Photos from the John in Arizona Collection". John in Arizona.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "NHK Hiranohara FM Radio Tower / TV Saitama Urawa TV Tower, Saitama | 1397559 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-02-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-02-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "30 Sep 1964 - Tcn's NEW TOWER IS QUITE AN EIFFEL! - Trove". Australian Women's Weekly. 30 September 1964. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Rimavská Sobota – Towercom". Archived from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "4 Big Towers of Antenna North of Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Rimavská Sobota - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "2 Big Towers of Antenna Southwest of Rimavská Sobota SW Transmitter, Rimavská Sobota - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Gore Hill ABC TV Tower, Sydney | 1249968 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "ABN TV Transmission Tower". Archived from the original on 2020-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-02-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "KSAT-TV Studio Transmitter, San Antonio | 247247 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Gaocheng TV Tower, Gaocheng - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Ávila Antenna in roncador Utuado". YouTube. 5 October 2017.
- ^ "Utuado News - Posts". Facebook. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-11-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Higashiyama TV Tower, Nagoya | 1227600 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Martina Franca Tower 1 - SkyscraperPage Forum". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "80 People Call This 'The Best Carrier in Cincinnati.' After Seeing It, I Might Have to Agree". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "KDNL Tower, St. Louis | 305494 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Luch Towers, Luch - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Estações de rádio em São Paulo, Brasil / Radio stations in São Paulo, Brazil — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Твери, Россия / Radio stations in Tver, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Estações de rádio em Salvador, Bahia / Radio stations in Salvador, Brazil — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Emisoras de radio en Montevideo, Uruguay / Radio stations in Montevideo, Uruguay — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Bell Canada Pharmacy Avenue Telecommunications Tower, Toronto | 230696 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-25. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Оралда радиолар / Radio stations in Oral, Kazakhstan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Chernihiv TV Tower, Chernihiv - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Telecomm Antenna, Rio de Janeiro - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "WLLY-FM 99.5 MHZ - Palm Beach Gardens, FL". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Zendmast Zichtenburg, the Hague - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Skytel - des Moines, IA". Archived from the original on 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "WHIO building and tower to be taken down". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "RaTel Tower, Kiev - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "94 People Call This 'The Best Carrier in Indianapolis.' After Seeing It, I Might Have to Agree". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Memories of Caldecott Hill: If a Tower could speak". 24 July 2008. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "Torre da TV Cultura, São Paulo | 214006 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2021-05-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Torre da TV Cultura, Sao Paulo - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "NOVEC Toren, Zwolle - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "WOAI-TV Studio Transmitter, San Antonio | 276550 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "TV Bandeirantes Antenna, Rio de Janeiro - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "TV era has started to change Australians' way of life". 18 April 2006. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "Accelerated Metal Technology & Construction Inc". Archived from the original on 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "PTV Television Transmitter, Quezon City | 1209069 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Dobrochov Transmission Tower (Dobrochov)". Archived from the original on 2020-06-06. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Antena Califormula Broadcasting, Tijuana - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-16. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-08-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "WAFB tower gets a fresh coat of paint". 18 November 2017. Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "American Tower - CLOSED in Charlotte, NC". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Radio stations in Shreveport, Louisiana — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "120 People Call This 'The Best Carrier in Chesapeake.' After Seeing It, I Might Have to Agree". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Sorry, we couldn't find that page". Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "WJXT - Jacksonville, Florida - Television and Cable Broadcasting Stations on Waymarking.com". Archived from the original on 2020-10-21. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-02-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Transmission Tower, St. Louis | 1174950 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-02-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "WETA Tower is Deemed Too High But Can Stay - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Tour Dégueu, Chastre - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2021-09-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-02. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-07-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Wienbibliothek / Retrodigitalisierung / 1956 [1092]". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Воркуте, Россия / Radio stations in Vorkuta, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Радиостанции в Великом Новгороде, Россия / Radio stations in Veliky Novgorod, Russia — Radiomap.eu". Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "YokohamaMediaTower | NTT FACILITIES, INC City Planning & Architectural Design". Archived from the original on 2018-02-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Yokohama Media Tower, Yokohama - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-11-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "RPN-IBC Transmitter Tower, Quezon City | 1209070 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2019-03-23. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "仙台市のラジオ放送局 / Radio stations in Sendai, Japan — World Radio Map". Archived from the original on 2021-12-19. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "GLOBALink | World's tallest power transmission tower wired across Yangtze River". YouTube. 2 June 2022.
- ^ "Yamen Steel Tube Tower 1, Jiangmen - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Yamen Steel Tube Tower 2, Jiangmen - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Kogushi Electric Power Transmission Tower, Okayama | 1516996 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "River Tower of Doel Schelde Powerline Crossing, Antwerp | 1227186 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-07-01. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Hitachinaka Coal Power Station Japan - GEO". Archived from the original on 2016-11-29. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Tepco boosts coal capacity to cut need for costly oil". 11 April 2013. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "Schilling Power Plant Chimney, Stade - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 1, Antwerp - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 2, Antwerp - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 3, Antwerp - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b c d "JFE East Japan Works (Chiba) steel plant". 24 September 2020. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ a b c "JFE Steel Corporation". Archived from the original on 2021-12-30. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Kyushu Electric Power / LNG thermal power plant | Japan KYUSHU Tourist ジャパン九州ツーリスト株式会社". Archived from the original on 2021-04-20. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "戸畑共同火力株式会社". Archived from the original on 2021-05-13. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Stadtwerketurm Duisburg, Duisburg - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b ja:日本製鉄九州製鉄所
- ^ "Fina Antwerp Olefins Flare 4, Antwerp - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Chiba Refinery and Petrochemical Plant | Refinery & Plant". Archived from the original on 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Sulfuric Acid Workshop Chimney, Konstantinovka - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "1st Chimney of SK-46, Zhovti Vody - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "2nd Chimney of SK-46, Zhovti Vody - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Kainan (Hainan) Thermal Power Plant Japan - GEO". Archived from the original on 2021-04-14. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "小名浜製錬株式会社". Archived from the original on 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Chimney of UkrZinc, Konstantinovka - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Chimney of Strong Nitric Acid Shop of Severodonetsk Azot Association, Siverodonetsk - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Large Chimney of Legnica Copper Smelter, Legnica - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "RK Saltivska Chimney, Kharkiv - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Chimney of Weak Nitric Acid Shop of Severodonetsk Azot Association, Siverodonetsk - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "瀬戸内共同火力株式会社". Archived from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Flarestick 4 of PKN Orlen, Plock - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Noble Lloyd Noble rig - Jackup - Noble Drilling". 27 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2022-02-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Maersk Drilling's new XLE jack-up set for North Sea". 6 January 2017. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "Ten oil industry world records you maybe haven't heard of - equinor.com". Archived from the original on 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2020-07-12.
- ^ "Tower of Zugspitze Aerial Tramway, Grainau - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Eclipse (Giant Wave Swinger) | Rides at Gröna Lund". Archived from the original on 2021-06-14. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "The Trylon and Perisphere during the fair and after". 19 May 2019. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "Ring of Life - the Amazing Metal Structure in Fushun China". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ a b "Meteorological Towers of Høvsøre Wind Turbine Test Centre, Bøvlingbjerg | 1229409 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2020-06-27. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Khan Shatyry Entertainment Centre, Nur-Sultan - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Zeitzeichensender Pragins I, Prangins - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Zeitzeichensender Pragins II, Prangins - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "ETTP Water Tower @ Oak Ridge DOE Reservation - Controlled Demolition, Inc". YouTube. 7 August 2013. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Norris Arm Surge Tower, Newfoundland & Labrador. Canadian water towers and standpipes directorie". Archived from the original on 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Canadian Nuclear Laboratories B444 Process Water Tower - Controlled Demolition, Inc". YouTube. 7 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Second tower knocked down at John Hart Dam (Video)". 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Video: 90-metre surge tower knocked down at John Hart dam near Campbell River". 12 July 2019. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
- ^ "Marconi's Wellfleet (Cape Cod) Wireless - Stormfax®". Archived from the original on 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Soaring 761 feet, this radio and TV tower on Georgia Avenue NW is the city's tallest - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "FCCInfo Structure Registration Results". Archived from the original on 2021-02-03. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "Lakihegy Blaw-Knox Radio Tower, Budapest | 1226375 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2021-02-05. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Liblice Blaw-Knox Tower, Liblice | 1226311 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Vakarel Blaw-Knox Radio Mast, Elin Pelin | 1226448 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Събаране на антената на Вакарел, 16.09.2020 г." YouTube. 17 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-12-05.
- ^ "Jim Hawkins' WADO Transmitter Page". Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
- ^ "LVRTC Riga Blaw Knox Radiator, Riga | 1226603 | EMPORIS". Archived from the original on 2022-03-07. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "WFEA Blaw-Knox Radiator, Manchester - SkyscraperPage.com". Archived from the original on 2021-07-10. Retrieved 2022-03-07.