Green Party (Ireland)
Green Party Comhaontas Glas | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Leader | Roderic O'Gorman |
Deputy leader | Róisín Garvey |
Northern Ireland leader | Mal O'Hara |
Chairperson | Pauline O'Reilly |
Founders | |
Founded | 3 December 1981 | (as Ecology Party of Ireland)
Headquarters | 16–17 Suffolk Street, Dublin, Ireland |
Youth wing | Young Greens |
Membership (2024) | ![]() |
Ideology | Green politics[3] |
Political position | Centre-left[4][5] |
European affiliation | European Green Party |
European Parliament group | Greens–European Free Alliance |
International affiliation | Global Greens |
United Kingdom affiliate | Green Party Northern Ireland |
Colours | Green |
Dáil Éireann | 12 / 160 |
Seanad Éireann | 5 / 60 |
Local government in the Republic of Ireland | 23 / 949 |
Local government in Northern Ireland | 5 / 462 |
Website | |
www | |
The Green Party (Irish: Comhaontas Glas, lit. 'Green Alliance') is a green[3] political party that operates in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It holds a pro-European stance.[6] It was founded as the Ecology Party of Ireland in 1981 by Dublin teacher Christopher Fettes. The party became the Green Alliance in 1983 and adopted its current English language name in 1987 while the Irish name was kept unchanged. The party leader is Roderic O'Gorman, the deputy leader is Senator Róisín Garvey and the cathaoirleach (chairperson) is Pauline O'Reilly. Green Party candidates have been elected to most levels of representation: local government (in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland), Dáil Éireann, the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the European Parliament.
The Green Party first entered the Dáil in 1989. It has participated in the Irish government twice, from 2007 to 2011 as junior partner in a coalition with Fianna Fáil, and since June 2020 in a coalition with Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael. Following the first period in government, the party suffered a wipeout in the February 2011 election, losing all six of its TDs. In the February 2016 election, it returned to the Dáil with two seats.[7] Following this, Grace O'Sullivan was elected to the Seanad on 26 April that year of 2016 and Joe O'Brien was elected to Dáil Éireann in the 2019 Dublin Fingal by-election. In the 2020 general election, the party had its best result ever, securing 12 TDs and becoming the fourth largest party in Ireland.
History
[edit]Early years and first rise
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/First_meeting_of_Ecology_Party_of_Ireland_poster.jpg/220px-First_meeting_of_Ecology_Party_of_Ireland_poster.jpg)
The Green Party began life as the Ecology Party in 1981, with Christopher Fettes serving as the party's first chairperson. The party's first public appearance was modest: the event announced that they would be contesting the November 1982 general election, and was attended by their seven election candidates, 20 party supporters, and one singular journalist. Fettes had opened the meeting by noting the party didn't expect to win any seats. Willy Clingan, the journalist present, recalled that "The Ecology Party introduced its seven election candidates at the nicest and most endearingly honest press conference of the whole campaign".[1] The Ecology party took 0.2% of the vote that year.
Following a name change to the Green Alliance, it contested the 1984 European elections, with party founder Roger Garland winning 1.9% in the Dublin constituency. The following year, it won its first election when Marcus Counihan was elected to Killarney Urban District Council at the 1985 local elections, buoyed by winning 5,200 first preference votes as a European candidate in Dublin the previous year. The party nationally ran 34 candidates and won 0.6% of the vote.
The party continued to struggle until the 1989 general election when the Green Party (as it was now named) won its first seat in Dáil Éireann, when Roger Garland was elected in Dublin South. Garland lost his seat at the 1992 general election, while Trevor Sargent gained a seat in Dublin North. In the 1994 European election, Patricia McKenna topped the poll in the Dublin constituency and Nuala Ahern won a seat in Leinster. They retained their European Parliament seats in the 1999 European election, although the party lost five councillors in local elections held that year despite an increase in its vote. At the 1997 general election, the party gained a seat when John Gormley won a Dáil seat in Dublin South-East.
At the 2002 general election the party made a breakthrough, getting six Teachtaí Dála (TDs) elected to the Dáil with 4% of the national vote. However, in the 2004 European election, the party lost both of its European Parliament seats. In the 2004 local elections, it increased its number of councillors at county level from eight to 18 (out of 883) and at town council level from five to 14 (out of 744).
The party gained its first representation in the Northern Ireland Assembly in 2007, the Green Party in Northern Ireland having become a regional branch of the party the previous year.
First term in government
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Irish_Green_Parliamentary_Party_in_2008_%28cropped%2C_2to1_ratio%29.jpg/330px-Irish_Green_Parliamentary_Party_in_2008_%28cropped%2C_2to1_ratio%29.jpg)
The Green Party entered government for the first time after the 2007 general election, held on 24 May. Although its share of first-preference votes increased at the election, the party failed to increase the number of TDs returned. Mary White won a seat for the first time in Carlow–Kilkenny; however, Dan Boyle lost his seat in Cork South-Central. The party had approached the 2007 general election on an independent platform, not ruling any out coalition partners while expressing its preference for an alternative to the outgoing coalition of Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats.[8][9] Neither the outgoing government nor an alternative of Fine Gael, Labour and the Green Party had sufficient seats to form a majority. Fine Gael ruled out a coalition arrangement with Sinn Féin,[10] opening the way for Green Party negotiations with Fianna Fáil.
Some saw the idea of going into coalition with Fianna Fáil as a "sell-out".[11]: 516 Before the negotiations began, Ciarán Cuffe TD wrote on his blog that "a deal with Fianna Fáil would be a deal with the devil… and [the Green Party would be] decimated as a Party".[12] After protracted negotiations,[13] a draft programme for government was agreed to between the Greens and Fianna Fáil.[14][15] Early Green demands included the introduction of legislation on corporate donations, a moratorium on using public land to build private hospitals, and altering the route of the M3 motorway near the Hill of Tara; none of these demands appeared in the final government programme.[11]: 517 On 13 June 2007, Green members at the Mansion House in Dublin voted 86% in favour (441 to 67; with 2 spoilt votes) of entering coalition with Fianna Fáil. The following day, the six Green Party TDs voted for the re-election of Bertie Ahern as Taoiseach.[16] New party leader John Gormley was appointed as Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government and Eamon Ryan was appointed as Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources. Trevor Sargent was appointed as Minister of State at the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food with responsibility for Food and Horticulture.
Before its entry into government, the Green Party had been a vocal supporter of the Shell to Sea movement,[17] the campaign to reroute the M3 motorway away from Tara and (to a lesser extent) the campaign to end United States military use of Shannon Airport.[18] After the party entered government there were no substantive changes in government policy on these issues, which meant that Eamon Ryan oversaw the Corrib gas project while he was in office. The Green Party had, at its last annual conference, made an inquiry into the irregularities surrounding the project (see Corrib gas controversy) a precondition of entering government[19] but changed its stance during post-election negotiations with Fianna Fáil.
The 2008 budget did not include a carbon levy on fuels such as petrol, diesel and home heating oil, which the Green Party had sought before the election.[20] A carbon levy was, however, introduced in the 2010 Budget.[21] The 2008 budget did include a separate carbon budget announced by Gormley,[22] which introduced new energy efficiency tax credit,[20] a ban on incandescent bulbs from January 2009,[23] a tax scheme incentivising commuters' purchases of bicycles[24] and a new scale of vehicle registration tax based on carbon emissions.[25]
At a special convention on whether to support the Treaty of Lisbon on 19 January 2008, the party voted 63.5% in favour of supporting the Treaty; this fell short of the party's two-thirds majority requirement for policy issues. As a result, the Green Party did not have an official campaign in the first Lisbon Treaty referendum, although individual members were involved on different sides.[26] The referendum did not pass in 2008, and following the Irish government's negotiation with EU member states of additional legal guarantees and assurances, the Green Party held another special convention meeting in Dublin on 18 July 2009 to decide its position on the second Lisbon referendum. Precisely two-thirds of party members present voted to campaign for a 'Yes' in the referendum. This was the first time in the party's history that it had campaigned in favour of a European treaty.[27]
The government's response to the post-2008 banking crisis significantly affected the party's support, and it suffered at the 2009 local elections, returning with only three County Council seats in total and losing its entire traditional Dublin base, with the exception of a Town Council seat in Balbriggan.
Déirdre de Búrca, one of two Green Senators nominated by Taoiseach Bertie Ahern in 2007, resigned from the party and her seat in 2010, in part owing to the party's inability to secure her a job in the European Commission.[28] On 23 February 2010, Trevor Sargent resigned as Minister of State for Food and Horticulture owing to allegations over contacting Gardaí about a criminal case involving a constituent,[29] with Ciarán Cuffe being appointed as his replacement the following March. By 2010, opinion polls showed strong support for an immediate election with the Greens polling at just 2%.[11]: 519
The Green Party supported the passage of legislation for EC–ECB–IMF financial support for Ireland's bank bailout. On 19 January, the party derailed Taoiseach Brian Cowen's plans to reshuffle his cabinet when it refused to endorse Cowen's intended replacement ministers, forcing Cowen to redistribute the vacant portfolios among incumbent ministers. The Greens were angered at not having been consulted about this effort, and went as far as to threaten to pull out of the coalition unless Cowen set a firm date for an election due that spring. He ultimately set the date for 11 March.[30]
On 23 January 2011, the Green Party met with Cowen following his resignation as leader of senior coalition partner Fianna Fáil the previous afternoon.[31] The Green Party then announced it was breaking off the coalition and going into opposition with immediate effect.[32] Ministers Gormley and Ryan resigned as cabinet ministers, and Cuffe and White resigned as Ministers of State.[33] Green Party leader John Gormley said at a press conference announcing the withdrawal:
For a very long time we in the Green Party have stood back in the hope that Fianna Fáil could resolve persistent doubts about their party leadership. A definitive resolution of this has not yet been possible. And our patience has reached an end.[34][35]
In almost four years in Government, from 2007 to 2011, the Green Party contributed to the passage of civil partnership for same-sex couples,[36] the introduction of major planning reform,[37] a major increase in renewable energy output,[38] progressive budgets,[39] and a nationwide scheme of home insulation retrofitting.[40]
Wipeout, recovery, and second government term
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Catherine_Martin_TD.jpg/200px-Catherine_Martin_TD.jpg)
Fallout from 2011 General Election
[edit]The party suffered a wipeout at the 2011 general election, with all of its six TDs losing their seats,[11]: 520 including those of former Ministers John Gormley and Eamon Ryan. Three of their six incumbent TDs lost their deposits. The party's share of the vote fell below 2%, meaning that they could not reclaim election expenses, and their lack of parliamentary representation led to the ending of state funding for the party.[41] The party candidates in the 2011 election to the Seanad were Dan Boyle and Niall Ó Brolcháin; neither was elected, and as a result, for the first time since 1989 the Green Party had no representatives in the Oireachtas.
In the aftermath of the wipeout Eamon Ryan was elected as party leader on 27 May 2011, succeeding John Gormley,[42] while Catherine Martin was later appointed the deputy leader of the party.[43]
2016 to 2019 Electoral successes
[edit]At the 2016 general election Ryan and Martin gained two seats in the Dáil while Grace O'Sullivan picked up a seat in the Seanad. In doing so the Green party became the first Irish political party to lose all their seats in a general election but come back and win seats in a subsequent election.[44] The Greens continued to pick up momentum in 2019, performing quite well in May during the concurrent 2019 local elections[45] and 2019 European Parliament election[46][47] while in November that same year the party saw Pippa Hackett capture a seat in the Seanad and Joe O'Brien bring home the party's first ever by-election win as a result of the 2019 Dublin Fingal by-election.[48]
Return to government
[edit]At the 2020 general election, the party had its best result ever, winning 7.1% of the first-preference votes and returning 12 TDs, an increase of ten from the last election. It became the fourth-largest party in the Dáil and entered government in coalition with Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael. Ryan, Martin and Roderic O'Gorman were appointed as cabinet ministers, with four Green Ministers of State. Clare Bailey, the leader of the Green Party in Northern Ireland, was amongst a number of Green members who stood against the coalition. She said it proposed the "most fiscally conservative arrangements in a generation" and that "the economic and finances behind this deal will really lead to some of the most vulnerable being hit the hardest", as well as it not doing enough on climate and social justice.[49] She also said the deal "fails to deliver on our promise to tackle homelessness and provide better healthcare", "represents an unjust recovery" and "sets out an inadequate and vague pathway towards climate action".[50] The party returned two senators at the 2020 Seanad election, with a further two senators nominated by the Taoiseach, Micheál Martin bringing the total party representation in the Oireachtas to 16. In July 2020, Eamon Ryan retained his leadership of the party with a narrow leadership election victory over Catherine Martin in the 2020 Green Party leadership election by 994 votes to 946, a margin of 48 votes.[51][52][53][54]
Internal disputes
[edit]Despite the success at the general election, the party found itself dogged by infighting and resignations afterwards.[55] Prominent member Saoirse McHugh, a candidate in the 2019 European elections, 2020 general election and the 2020 Seanad election, resigned from the party upon the Greens entering government with Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil, parties she believed would damage public enthusiasm for environmentalist policies by pairing them with "socially regressive" policies.[56][57] Over the course of 2020, 4 councillors as well as both the leader of the Young Greens and the leader of the Queer Greens would also depart from the party, all citing either bullying within the party or dissatisfaction with the coalition and its policies as the cause.[58][59][60] Amongst the resignations were councillors Lorna Bogue and Liam Sinclair, who subsequently formed a new left-wing green party called An Rabharta Glas – Green Left in June 2021.[61][62]
Infighting continued in 2021 when the party Cathaoirleach Hazel Chu, then Lord Mayor of Dublin, launched a campaign to run for the 2021 Seanad by-elections with the support of six members of the Green Party Parliamentary Party, but without official backing from the party.[63][64][65] Senators Pippa Hackett, Pauline O'Reilly and Róisín Garvey tabled a motion of no confidence in Chu as Cathaoirleach of the party.[66] Deputy leader, Catherine Martin urged the senators to withdraw the motion and it was later replaced with a motion calling for Chu to temporarily step aside from the position as party chair for the duration of the election. This was passed by 11 votes to five at a meeting of the Parliamentary Party.[67] The Executive Council of the party, however, decided not to follow the Parliamentary Party's decision and Chu remained in the position of Cathaoirleach until the end of her term in December 2021.[68] Chu subsequently ran in the 2022 Seanad by-election and was commended by the party for "championing climate action and inclusion".[69]
In May 2022, Green TDs Neasa Hourigan and Patrick Costello were suspended from the party for six months after they went against the party whip and voted for an opposition motion calling for the new National Maternity Hospital to be built on land wholly owned by the state.[70][71] Hourigan was suspended again in March 2023, this time for 15 months, after she voted against the government on the issue of ending a ban on evictions.[72]
Notable achievements
[edit]On 23 July 2021, one of the Greens' flagship policies, the Climate Action and Low Carbon Development (Amendment) Bill 2021, was signed into law by the President. The bill creates a legally binding path to net zero emissions by 2050.[73] Five-year carbon budgets produced by the Climate Change Advisory Council will dictate the path to carbon neutrality, with the aim of the first two budgets creating a 51% reduction by 2030.[74] The five-year budgets will not be legally binding.[75]
The party also secured significantly increased budgets for active and sustainable travel including greenways and cycle lanes, the LocalLink rural bus network, decreases in public transport fares, a new forestry programme, increased incentives for solar and for retrofit, and the recognition of the circular economy. Outside of the core climate and environmental policies the party also implemented a pilot scheme for a basic income for the arts sector and large cuts in childcare costs.[76]
In June 2024, the European Union Environment Council approved the Nature Restoration Law which was described as "among the EU's biggest environmental policies". The role of Minister Eamon Ryan in convincing other ministers to support the law was considered to be pivotal to its success.[77]
2024 onwards
[edit]The 2024 Local Elections saw the party lose almost half of its council seats across the country despite topping the poll in four local electoral areas in Dublin City. The 2024 European Parliament elections also saw Ciarán Cuffe and Grace O'Sullivan fail to retain their seats in the European Parliament, while in the Limerick mayoral election, the party's candidate, Brian Leddin, won 2.89% of the vote and was eliminated on the fifth count.
On 18 June 2024, Eamon Ryan announced he would be stepping down as party leader, but would remain in the role until the new leader is elected. Ryan also announced that he would not be seeking re-election as a TD for Dublin Bay South at the next general election.[78] Later the same day Catherine Martin announced she would be standing down as deputy leader and would not be seeking the leadership role.[79] On 19 June, Roderic O'Gorman and Senator Pippa Hackett both announced that they would be seeking nominations for the leadership position.[80][81] On 8 July, O'Gorman was narrowly elected over Hackett with 51.89% of the vote.[82] On 14 July, Senator Róisín Garvey narrowly defeated Neasa Hourigan with 51% of the vote to become deputy leader.[83]
Ideology and policies
[edit]The Green Party has seven "founding principles", which are:
- The impact of society on the environment should not be ecologically disruptive.
- All political, social and economic decisions should be taken at the lowest effective level.
- As caretakers of the Earth, we have the responsibility to pass it on in a fit and healthy state.
- Society should be guided by self-reliance and co-operation at all levels.
- Conservation of resources is vital to a sustainable society.
- The need for world peace overrides national and commercial interests.
- The poverty of two-thirds of the world's family demands a redistribution of the world's resources.[84]
Broadly, these founding principles reflect the "four pillars" of green politics observed by the majority of Green Parties internationally: ecological wisdom, social justice, grassroots democracy, and nonviolence. They also reflect the six guiding principles of the Global Greens, which also includes a respect for diversity as a principle.[85]
While strongly associated with environmentalist policies, the party also has policies covering all other key areas. These include protection of the Irish language,[86] lowering the voting age in Ireland to 16,[87] a directly elected Seanad,[88] support for universal healthcare,[89] and a constitutional amendment which guarantees that the water of Ireland will never be privatised.[90] The party also advocates that terminally ill people should have the right to legally choose assisted dying, stating "provisions should apply only to those with a terminal illness which is likely to result in death within six months". It also states that "such a right would only apply where the person has a clear and settled intention to end their own life which is proved by making, and signing, a written declaration to that effect. Such a declaration must be countersigned by two qualified doctors".[91]
Internal factions
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Neasa_Hourigan_2020.jpg/200px-Neasa_Hourigan_2020.jpg)
As other like-minded green parties, it has eco-socialist/green left and more moderate factions. In parallel to other Green Parties in Europe, the 1980s and 1990s saw a division within the Irish Green Party between two factions; the "Realists" (nicknamed the "Realos") and the "Fundamentalists (nicknamed the "Fundies").[92][93] The 'Realists' advocated taking a pragmatic approach to politics, which would mean having to accept some compromises on policy in order to get party members elected and into government in order to enact change. The 'Fundamentalists' advocated more radical policies and rejected appeals for pragmatism, citing that the looming effects of Climate Change would leave no time for compromise. Following a national convention in 1998 which saw a realist majority of members defeat a minority of fundamentalist members on a number of votes, and the party subsequently enter government for the first time in 2007, the factionalism of the 'Realists vs the Fundamentalists' was seen to have wilted away with the 'Realists' becoming the ascendent faction. However, in some respects, the division only laid dormant.[94]
Following the 2019 local elections and the 2020 general election, the party had more elected representatives than ever before as well as its highest ever membership.[95] On 22 July 2020, several prominent members of the party formed the "Just Transition Greens", an affiliate group within the party with a green left/eco-socialist outlook, who have the objective of moving the party towards policies based on the concept of a "Just Transition".[96][97][98] During the 2020 Green Party leadership election, a significant aspect of the candidacy of Catherine Martin was that it was suggested that Martin could better represent the views of these individuals within the party than the incumbent Eamon Ryan.[99][100]
Organisation
[edit]The National Executive Committee is the organising committee of the party. It comprises the party leader Roderic O'Gorman, the deputy leader Róisín Garvey, the Cathaoirleach Pauline O'Reilly, the National Coordinator, the General Secretary (in a non-voting role), a Young Greens representative, the Treasurer and ten members elected annually at the party convention.[101]
Leadership
[edit]Party leader
[edit]Name | Portrait | Period | Constituency |
---|---|---|---|
No leader | 1981–2001 | N/A | |
Trevor Sargent | 2001–2007 | Dublin North | |
John Gormley | 2007–2011 | Dublin South-East | |
Eamon Ryan | 2011–2024 | Dublin South Dublin Bay South | |
Roderic O'Gorman | 2024–present | Dublin West |
Deputy leader
[edit]Name | Portrait | Period | Constituency |
---|---|---|---|
Mary White | 2001–2011 | Carlow–Kilkenny (2007–2011) | |
Catherine Martin | 2011–2024 | Dublin Rathdown (2016–present) | |
Róisín Garvey | 2024–present | Nominated by Taoiseach |
Cathaoirleach
[edit]Name | Portrait | Period |
---|---|---|
John Gormley | 2002–2007 | |
Dan Boyle | 2007–2011 | |
Roderic O'Gorman | 2011–2019 | |
Hazel Chu | 2019–2021 | |
Pauline O'Reilly | 2021–present |
Note: Although Christopher Fettes chaired the party initially, the position of Cathaoirleach was not created until 2002.
Leadership organisation
[edit]The party did not have a national leader until 2001. At a special "Leadership Convention" in Kilkenny on 6 October 2001, Trevor Sargent was elected the first official leader of the Green Party while Mary White was elected deputy leader.[102] Sargent was re-elected to his position in 2003 and again in 2005. The party's constitution requires that a leadership election be held within six months of a general election.
Sargent resigned the leadership in the wake of the 2007 general election to the 30th Dáil. During the campaign, Sargent had promised that he would not lead the party into Government with Fianna Fáil.[103] At the election the party retained six Dáil seats, making it the most likely partner for Fianna Fáil. Sargent and the party negotiated a coalition government; at the 12 June 2007 membership meeting to approve the agreement, he announced his resignation as leader.
In the subsequent leadership election, John Gormley became the new leader on 17 July 2007, defeating Patricia McKenna by 478 votes to 263. Mary White was subsequently re-elected as the deputy Leader. Gormley served as Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government from July 2007 until the Green Party's decision to exit government in December 2010.
Following the election defeats of 2011, Gormley announced his intention not to seek another term as Green Party leader. Eamon Ryan was elected as the new party leader, over party colleagues Phil Kearney and Cllr Malcolm Noonan in a postal ballot election of party members in May 2011. Monaghan-based former councillor Catherine Martin defeated Down-based Dr John Barry and former Senator Mark Dearey to the post of deputy leader on 11 June 2011 during the party's annual convention. Roderic O'Gorman was elected party chairperson.
The Green Party lost all its Dáil seats in the 2011 general election.[104] Party Chairman Dan Boyle and Déirdre de Búrca were nominated by the Taoiseach to Seanad Éireann after the formation of the Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats–Green Party government in 2007, and Niall Ó Brolcháin was elected in December 2009. De Búrca resigned in February 2010, and was replaced by Mark Dearey. Neither Boyle nor O'Brolchain was re-elected to Seanad Éireann in the Seanad election of 2011, leaving the Green Party without Oireachtas representation until the 2016 general election, in which it regained two Dáil seats.
Ryan's leadership was challenged by deputy leader Catherine Martin in 2020 after the 2020 government formation; he narrowly won a poll of party members, 994 votes (51.2%) to 946.[105]
Irish and European politics
[edit]The Green Party is organised throughout the island of Ireland, with regional structures in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The Green Party in Northern Ireland voted to become a regional partner of the Green Party in Ireland in 2005 at its annual convention, and again in a postal ballot in March 2006.[106][citation needed][107][108] Brian Wilson, formerly a councillor for the Alliance Party, won the Green Party's first seat in the Northern Ireland Assembly in the 2007 election. Steven Agnew held that seat in the 2011 election.
Election results
[edit]Dáil Éireann
[edit]Election | Leader | 1st pref votes |
% | Seats | ± | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nov 1982 | None | 3,716 | 0.2 (#6) | 0 / 166
|
![]() |
Extra-parliamentary |
1987 | 7,159 | 0.4 (#8) | 0 / 166
|
![]() |
Extra-parliamentary | |
1989 | 24,827 | 1.5 (#6) | 1 / 166
|
![]() |
Opposition | |
1992 | 24,110 | 1.4 (#7) | 1 / 166
|
![]() |
Opposition | |
1997 | 49,323 | 2.8 (#5) | 2 / 166
|
![]() |
Opposition | |
2002 | Trevor Sargent | 71,470 | 3.8 (#6) | 6 / 166
|
![]() |
Opposition |
2007 | 96,936 | 4.7 (#5) | 6 / 166
|
![]() |
FF-GP-PD | |
2011 | John Gormley | 41,039 | 1.8 (#5) | 0 / 166
|
![]() |
Extra-parliamentary |
2016 | Eamon Ryan | 56,999 | 2.7 (#8) | 2 / 158
|
![]() |
Opposition |
2020[109] | 155,695 | 7.1 (#4) | 12 / 160
|
![]() |
FF-FG-GP |
City and county council local elections
[edit]Election | ± | Seats won | First-pref. votes | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
1985 | ![]() |
None | 7,446 | 0.5% |
1991 | ![]() |
13 | 32,950 | 2.4% |
1999 | ![]() |
8 | 35,742 | 2.5% |
2004 | ![]() |
18 | 71,052 | 3.9% |
2009 | ![]() |
3 | 44,152 | 2.3% |
2014 | ![]() |
12 | 27,168 | 1.6% |
2019 | ![]() |
49 | 96,315 | 5.6% |
2024 | ![]() |
23 | 66,684 | 3.6% |
Devolved Northern Ireland legislatures
[edit]Election | Body | Leader | 1st pref votes |
% | Seats | ± | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1996 | Forum | None | 3,647 | 0.5 (#10) | 0 / 110
|
![]() |
No seats |
1998 | Assembly | 710 | 0.1 (#18) | 0 / 108
|
![]() |
No seats | |
2003 | 2,688 | 0.4 (#11) | 0 / 108
|
![]() |
No seats | ||
2007 | 11,985 | 1.7 (#7) | 1 / 108
|
![]() |
Opposition | ||
2011 | Steven Agnew | 6,031 | 0.9 (#7) | 1 / 108
|
![]() |
Opposition | |
2016 | 18,718 | 2.7 (#7) | 2 / 108
|
![]() |
Opposition | ||
2017 | 18,527 | 2.3 (#7) | 2 / 90
|
![]() |
Opposition | ||
2022 | Clare Bailey | 16,433 | 1.9 (#7) | 0 / 90
|
![]() |
No seats |
Westminster
[edit]Election | Seats (in NI) | ± | Position | Total votes | % (in NI) | % (in UK) | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1983 | 0 / 17
|
![]() |
None | 451 | 0.1% | 0.0% | No Seats |
1987 | 0 / 17
|
![]() |
None | 281 | 0.0% | 0.0% | No Seats |
1997 | 0 / 18
|
![]() |
None | 539 | 0.1% | 0.0% | No Seats |
2010 | 0 / 18
|
![]() |
None | 3,542 | 0.5% | 0.0% | No Seats |
2015 | 0 / 18
|
![]() |
None | 6,822 | 1.0% | 0.0% | No Seats |
2017 | 0 / 18
|
![]() |
None | 7,452 | 0.9% | 0.0% | No Seats |
2019 | 0 / 18
|
![]() |
None | 1,996 | 0.2% | 0.0% | No Seats |
2024 | 0 / 18
|
![]() |
None | 8,692 | 1.1% | 0.0% | No Seats |
European Parliament (Republic of Ireland seats only)
[edit]Election | Leader | 1st pref Votes |
% | Seats | +/− | EP Group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1984 | None | 5,242 | 0.47 (#7) | 0 / 15
|
New | − |
1989 | 61,041 | 3.74 (#6) | 0 / 15
|
![]() | ||
1994 | 90,046 | 7.92 (#4) | 2 / 15
|
![]() |
G | |
1999 | 93,100 | 6.69 (#4) | 2 / 15
|
![]() |
Greens/EFA | |
2004 | Trevor Sargent | 76,917 | 4.32 (#5) | 0 / 13
|
![]() |
− |
2009 | John Gormley | 34,585 | 1.89 (#7) | 0 / 12
|
![]() | |
2014 | Eamon Ryan | 81,458 | 4.92 (#5) | 0 / 11
|
![]() | |
2019 | 190,814 | 11.37 (#4) | 2 / 13
|
![]() |
Greens/EFA | |
2024 | 93,575 | 5.36 (#4) | 0 / 14
|
![]() |
− |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Mullally, Una (9 June 2019). "The little known story of the origins of the Green Party". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ "New Green Party leader has some thorny questions to prune". RTÉ News. 8 July 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ a b Nordsieck, Wolfram (2020). "Ireland". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
- ^ Flach Kelly (31 March 2016). "Greens end talks with Fine Gael on forming government". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 6 March 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ "Ireland climate minister: Need for climate justice at COP 26". BBC. 29 October 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ "Ireland". Europe Elects. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
- ^ "Green Party back as Eamon Ryan joins his deputy in Dáil". thejournal.ie. 28 February 2016. Archived from the original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
- ^ RTÉ (25 February 2007). "Poll shows loss of support for FF". RTÉ News. Archived from the original on 3 March 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
- ^ John Gormley (24 February 2007). "Speech to Green Party Convention 2007". John Gormley's blog. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
- ^ Deaglán de Bréadún; Miriam Donohoe (28 May 2007). "Rainbow coalition is still possible, says Kenny". The Irish Times. p. 8.
- ^ a b c d George Taylor (May 2012). "Staring into the political abyss: the Irish Greens after the 2011 parliamentary elections". Environmental Politics. 21 (3): 516–521. doi:10.1080/09644016.2012.671578. S2CID 154578054.
- ^ Ciarán Cuffe (28 May 2007). "Great to be back". Cuffe Street (Ciarán Cuffe's blog). Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 1 July 2008.
- ^ "Green senator saw red during tough negotiations with Fianna Fáil". Irish Independent. 23 August 2007. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
- ^ "Ahern and Sargent in govt talks". RTÉ 9 O'Clock News. 11 June 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "FF & GP agree draft programme for govt". RTÉ 9 O'Clock News. 12 June 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "Greens vote to enter FF-led coalition". RTÉ 9 O'Clock News. 13 June 2007. Retrieved 17 January 2009.[dead link]
- ^ Shell to Sea' campaign gets cross-party support Archived 13 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine – BreakingNews.ie, 21 November 2006.
- ^ Military use of Shannon not a campaign issue, but now contentious Archived 21 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine – Village, 12 June 2007
- ^ Prominent Shell to Sea activist to oversee Corrib project Archived 13 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine – Indymedia.ie, 16 June 2007.
- ^ a b Treacy Hogan (6 December 2007). "'Green' Budget signals war on climate change". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
- ^ "Green Party Leader addresses Dáil on Budget 2010 / Latest news / News / Home – Green Party / Comhaontas Glas". Greenparty.ie. 10 December 2009. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ John Gormley (6 December 2007). "Gormley delivers carbon budget". Green Party. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
- ^ Treacy Hogan (7 December 2007). "Gormley lights the way with ban on bulbs". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
- ^ John Cradden (2 December 2008). "Get on yer bike". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
- ^ Senan Molony (6 December 2007). "So, how Green was it for you? Just look at red-faced drivers". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
- ^ de Bréadún, Deaglán (21 January 2008). "Greens will not take party stance on Lisbon Treaty". The Irish Times. p. 1. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
- ^ John Gormley (18 July 2009). "Greens back Lisbon Yes". Green Party. Archived from the original on 8 October 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
- ^ "Greens silent on de Búrca claim FF failed to honour deal – The Irish Times – Tue, Feb 16, 2010". The Irish Times. 16 February 2010. Archived from the original on 21 January 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Sargent resigns as Minister of State". RTÉ News. 23 February 2010. Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
- ^ "The worst week for the worst Taoiseach in the State's history". Irish Independent. 23 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ McDonald, Henry (23 January 2011). "Ireland's Green party considers whether to stay in government". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Green Party withdraws from Government". RTÉ News and Current Affairs. RTÉ. 23 January 2011. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "O Cuiv and Carey get vacant ministerial posts". Irish Examiner. Thomas Crosbie Holdings. 23 January 2011. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ "Green Party statement". The Irish Times. Irish Times Trust. 24 January 2011. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
- ^ "Green Party quits Irish coalition government". BBC News. BBC. 23 January 2011. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ Paul Cullen (1 January 2011). "Partnership law comes into effect". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ Green Party (15 July 2011). "Planning bill marks new era for how we plan for our future". Green Party. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ "New record for Irish wind power output". Irish Energy News. 9 January 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ Oliver Moran (24 March 2016). "The Green Party and progressive budgets". Archived from the original on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
- ^ The Irish Times (2 February 2009). "€100m insulation scheme to benefit 50,000 homes". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
- ^ McGee, Harry (1 March 2011). "Failure to get votes likely to result in party's office closing". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
- ^ "Eamon Ryan elected Green Party leader". RTÉ News. 27 May 2011. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
- ^ "Green party announces new front bench". RTÉ News. 12 December 2011. Archived from the original on 9 January 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
- ^ "GREEN ON GREEN". The Phoenix. 13 February 2020. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ^ "Elections 2019: Greens the big winners while Sinn Féin slumps". irishtimes.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ "Green Party's Ciarán Cuffe elected MEP". thejournal.ie. 27 May 2019. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ "O'Sullivan, Clune take final two seats in Ireland South". RTÉ News. 5 June 2019. Archived from the original on 5 June 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "Joe O'Brien wins first by-election for Green Party in Dublin Fingal". Newstalk. 30 November 2019. Archived from the original on 22 October 2021. Retrieved 22 October 2021.
- ^ "Irish government: Clare Bailey of Green Party rejects coalition deal". BBC News. 21 June 2020. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
- ^ "NI Green Party leader rejects Irish coalition plan". ITV News. 21 June 2020. Archived from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2021.
- ^ McGee, Harry (22 July 2020). "Green Party leadership contest: Eamon Ryan wins by narrow margin". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ Moore, Aoife (23 July 2020). "Eamon Ryan retains Green Party leadership by 48 votes". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ Hurley, Sandra (23 July 2020). "Eamon Ryan wins Green Party leadership contest". Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ O'Connell, Hugh (23 July 2020). "Eamon Ryan re-elected as Green Party leader with just 48 more votes than rival Catherine Martin". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ McGee, Harry (7 November 2020). "Off-colour Green Party continues to be dogged by infighting and disputes". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
- ^ Hurley, Sandra (23 July 2020). "Saoirse McHugh quits the Green Party". RTE News. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
- ^ Ní Aodha, Gráinne (23 July 2020). "Saoirse McHugh has left the Green Party". Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
- ^ Kenny, Aine (27 October 2020). "Cork councillor Lorna Bogue quits Greens over Mother and Baby Homes law". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ^ McCurry, Cate (24 October 2020). "Green Party hit by more resignations". BreakingNews.ie. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ^ Ryan, Phillip (19 January 2021). "Another blow to Green party as two prominent councillors quit". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ Gataveckaite, Gabija (1 June 2021). "Former members of Green Party to launch 'eco-socialist' group this weekend". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
- ^ Hosford, Paul (25 January 2021). "Green councillor quits party citing culture of tolerating personal abuse". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 26 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ McQuinn, Cormac. "Eamon Ryan 'tells Greens' no pact on supporting Coalition candidates for Seanad". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ Correspondent, Harry McGee Political (22 March 2021). "Green Party leader Eamon Ryan will not vote for Hazel Chu in Seanad byelection". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
{{cite news}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ Hosford, Paul (22 March 2021). "Hazel Chu to run as independent candidate in Seanad by-election". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Roderic O'Gorman and Pippa Hackett to contest Green Party leadership". Irish Independent. 25 June 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ Moore, Elaine Loughlin (31 March 2021). "Greens back motion to request Hazel Chu to step aside as chair". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ "Hazel Chu role as chair of Green Party executive committee ends". The Irish Times. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ "Green Party commends Cllr Hazel Chu and Paula Roseingrave for championing climate action and inclusion in Seanad run | Green Party". www.greenparty.ie. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ O'Connell, Hugh (17 May 2022). "Two Green TDs suspended from party for six months after they defy Coalition and back Sinn Féin motion on National Maternity Hospital". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
- ^ Bray, Jennifer (18 May 2022). "National Maternity Hospital: Green Party suspends two TDs for voting with Opposition". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ Gataveckaite, Gabija; Mulgrew, Seoirse; Ryan, Philip (22 March 2023). "Green Party suspends Neasa Hourigan for 15 months over Dáil eviction ban vote". The Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
- ^ "Ireland's ambitious Climate Act signed into law". www.gov.ie. 23 July 2021. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ McDermott, Stephen. "Carbon neutral by 2050: Ireland's green targets to be legally binding for the first time". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ Crosson, Kayle (26 March 2021). "A deep dive: the revised Climate Bill". Green News Ireland. Archived from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
- ^ "Greens in power: How the party has quietly become the most effective member of Coalition". The Irish Times. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ "European Green Party congratulates the courageous Green ministers who secured the Nature Restoration Law". European Greens. 17 June 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ "Eamon Ryan steps down as Green Party leader after 13 years | Green Party". www.greenparty.ie. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál (18 June 2024). "Ryan and Martin to step down from Green leadership roles". RTE.
- ^ "As it happened: Green leadership contest under way". RTE. 19 June 2024.
- ^ Lehane, Mícheál (20 June 2024). "Martin hopes to remain in role as Media Minister". RTE.
- ^ Finn, Christina (8 July 2024). "Roderic O'Gorman has been elected as new leader of the Green Party, replacing Eamon Ryan". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ "Senator Róisín Garvey elected as Green Party's new deputy leader". The Irish Times. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ "About us". greenparty.ie. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ "Global Greens Charter". globalgreens.org. 15 December 2007. Archived from the original on 14 May 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ Green Party Irish Language Policy Archived 6 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed via Green Party (Ireland) (official website). Retrieved 19 June 2017.
- ^ Political Reform Archived 14 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed via Green Party (Ireland) (official website). Retrieved 19 June 2017.
- ^ Political Reform Archived 14 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed via Green Party (Ireland) (official website). Retrieved 8 August 2017.
- ^ Health Archived 28 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed via Green Party (Ireland) (official website). Retrieved 26 May 2018.
- ^ Water Archived 9 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed via Green Party (Ireland) (official website). Retrieved 26 May 2018.
- ^ Assisted Dying Archived 13 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed via Green Party (Ireland) (official website). Retrieved 19 June 2017.
- ^ McGee, Harry (1 June 2019). "Green Party faces three key challenges in wake of election success". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 2 September 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ McGee, Harry (2 October 2020). "Greens need to start making mark before party divisions resurface". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 22 November 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ MeGee, Harry (10 October 2009). "Fundamentalists and realists give way to group close to Ministers and anti-Nama hardliners". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ Green Party Ireland [@greenparty_ie] (11 September 2020). "With a growing parliamentary team and a membership that's surged from 400 to almost 5000, the Green Party is at a pivotal moment, and it's vital we hear from you, our members. Join us online on Sept 19th to chart the next course in our party's development. https://bit.ly/3mapyK5" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ McGibbon, Adam (3 August 2020). "Just Transiti ON". Village. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ Rafferty, Michael (6 August 2020). "Just Transition are Left insurgents in the Green Party aiming higher than 'internal opposition'". Village. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ "Cllr Lorna Bogue on the Just Transition Greens". 3 August 2020. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ Leahy, Pat. "Pat Leahy: Spectacular vindication for Eamon Ryan who coaxed and beseeched party over the line". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 22 September 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
- ^ "GREEN PARTY HEAVE". The Phoenix. Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ "Structures of the Green Party". Greenparty.ie. 28 March 2010. Archived from the original on 26 January 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
- ^ "White seeks Greens' deputy leadership". The Irish Times. 4 July 2007. Archived from the original on 16 July 2023. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ Sheahan, Fionnan (24 February 2010). "Ethical minister hoist with own petard". Irish Independent. Independent News & Media. Archived from the original on 27 February 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
- ^ "FG looks to form Govt as final results emerge". RTÉ News. 28 February 2011. Archived from the original on 27 February 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- ^ Dwyer, Orla (23 July 2020). "Eamon Ryan retains position as Green Party leader after narrow victory over Catherine Martin". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ Emerson, Newton (7 May 2020). "Why Northerners will take a big interest in all-Ireland Green Party". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ Melaugh, Martin (24 May 2019). "Elections: A Selection of Political Party Manifestos". CAIN Web Service. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
- ^ "BBC News - Profile: Green Party". BBC News. 5 April 2010. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
- ^ "33rd DÁIL GENERAL ELECTION 8 February 2020 Election Results (Party totals begin on page 68)" (PDF). Houses of the Oireachtas. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
External links
[edit]- Official website
- Green Party 2007 election manifesto (from the Wayback Machine)