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930s

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The 930s decade ran from January 1, 930, to December 31, 939.

Events

930

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Europe
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Arabian Empire
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Asia
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931

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North Africa
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Europe
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  • Spring – Hugh of Provence, king of Italy, cedes Lower Burgundy to Rudolph II, in return for Rudolf's renunciation of all claims to the Italian crown. He receives the imperial crown, and induces the Italian nobility to recognize his son Lothair II as the co-ruler of Lombardia (Regnum Italiae).[2]
  • King Harald Fairhair of Norway dies after a 59-year reign as the Scandinavian nation's first ruler. He divides the kingdom among his many sons (about 25 years ago) to bring peace. Unable to travel through the country - and perform his royal duties, Harald hands over power to his favorite son Eric Bloodaxe, who allegedly kills at least two of his brothers to gain the Norwegian throne that he will hold (approximate date).
  • Rollo, duke of Normandy, dies at Rouen after an 11-year reign. He is the first leader of the Viking settlers to establish an independent dukedom (a vassal of the West Frankish Kingdom). His eldest son, William I Longsword, becomes the second ruler of Normandy (approximate date).
  • Ramiro II forces the abdication of his brother Alfonso IV and becomes king of León (Northern Spain). He has Alfonso and Fruela's three sons blinded in order to make them incapable of ruling.[3]
  • Ramiro II expands the border eastwards (nearly to the Pyrenees) and captures Burgos and the surrounding land. This land would soon be known as the County of Castile (approximate date).
England
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Asia
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Literature
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Religion
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932

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Europe
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  • Summer – Alberic II leads an uprising at Rome against his stepfather Hugh of Provence, king of Italy, after he is insulted at the wedding of his mother, Marozia. Alberic seizes the Lateran Palace, and Hugh escapes with an escort out of the city. Marozia is captured and put in prison. Alberic takes control of the city and appoints himself as the ruler (princeps) of Rome.
  • Doge Orso II Participazio retires voluntarily to a monastery, marking the end of the Participazio dominance of the Venetian dogeship. He is succeeded by Pietro II Candiano, the son and namesake of the earlier doge Pietro I.
  • Pietro II and Capodistria make a trade agreement without imperial authorization, the self-proclaimed "Marquis" Wintkar forbids repaying any debts to Venice. Pietro begins an economic blockade of Istrian cities.[4]
Asia
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Dirham of Abbasid caliph Al-Muqtadir (r. 908–932)

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Religion
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  • Summer – Pope John XI is forced to grant power over Rome to his half-brother Alberic II, who is invested as "Prince and Senator of all Romans". John is to resign himself to spiritual leadership of the Catholic Church.

933

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Europe
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England
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Africa
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934

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Byzantine Empire
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Europe
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England
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Abbasid Caliphate
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Asia
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Religion
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935

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Europe
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Africa
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Arabian Empire
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Asia
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Religion
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936

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Europe
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England
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Africa
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Arabian Empire
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China
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Religion
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937

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Europe
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England
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Asia
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938

By place

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Europe
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Asia
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939

By place

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Europe
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England
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Asia
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Religion
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Significant people

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Births

930

931

932

933

934

935

936

937

938

939

Deaths

930

931

Emperor Uda

932

Al-Muqtadir's silver Dirham. (Abbasid caliph Al-Muqtadir was assassinated on 31 October 932)

933

934

935

936

937

938

939

References

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  1. ^ Halm, Heinz (1991). Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden [The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 229–230. ISBN 978-3-406-35497-7.
  2. ^ [1]. Italian History - Timeline Lombard Leagues Board, p. 11.
  3. ^ Collins, Roger (1983). Early Medieval Spain. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 241. ISBN 0-312-22464-8.
  4. ^ [2]. Italian History - Timeline Lombard Leagues Board, p. 11.
  5. ^ [3]. Italian History - Timeline Lombard Leagues Board, p. 11.
  6. ^ Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 543. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
  7. ^ Pierre Riché, The Carolingians: A Family who Forged Europe, trans. Michael Idomir Allen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), pp. 252–253.
  8. ^ Gilbert Meynier (2010) L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 41.
  9. ^ Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 543. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
  10. ^ Steven A. Epstein, Genoa and the Genoese, 958–1528. (The University of North Carolina Press, 1996), p.14.
  11. ^ "Geography at about.com". Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2006.
  12. ^ Gilbert Meynier (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658–1518). Paris: La Découverte, p. 43.
  13. ^ Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 244. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
  14. ^ "Cornwall timeline 936". Cornwall Council. Archived from the original on September 30, 2008.
  15. ^ Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, pp. 341–342. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
  16. ^ Ernest F. Henderson (1894). History of Germany in the Middle Ages, G. Bell & Sons, London, p. 125.
  17. ^ Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume III, p. 245. ISBN 978-0-521-36447-8.
  18. ^ The Annals of Flodoard of Reims; 919-966, Ed, & Trans. Steven Fanning & Bernard S. Bachrach (University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 32.
  19. ^ "Abd-al-Rahman III". Encyclopædia Britannica. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th edit.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. pp. 17–18. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  20. ^ Kevin Halloran, "Anlaf Guthfrithson at York", pp. 180–185.
  21. ^ Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). "Taira no Masakado" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 926., p. 926, at Google Books.
  22. ^ Vo, Nghia. Legends of Vietnam: An Analysis and Retelling of 88 Tales, p. 52 (McFarland, 2012).
  23. ^ "Athelstan | king of England | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 20 February 2022.