Dates
|
Name
|
Independent state
|
Original state
|
Result
|
1038–1047
|
Miecław's Rebellion
|
Miecław's State
|
Duchy of Poland
|
Defeat of Miecław; his state is reincorporated into Poland
|
1185–1188
|
Uprising of Asen and Peter
|
Bulgaria
|
Byzantine Empire
|
Independence of Bulgaria from the Byzantine Empire; creation of the Second Bulgarian Empire
|
1296–1357
|
Wars of Scottish Independence
|
Scotland
|
England
|
Scotland retains its status as an independent nation
|
1468–1500
|
Kazakh War of Independence
|
Kazakh Khanate
|
Uzbek Khanate
|
Kazakh Khanate maintains independence from the Uzbek Khanate
|
1521–1523
|
Swedish War of Liberation
|
Sweden
|
Kalmar Union
|
Independence of Sweden from the Kalmar Union
|
1568–1648
|
Eighty Years' War
|
Netherlands
|
Spain
|
Independence of the Netherlands from Spain
|
1640–1668
|
Portuguese Restoration War
|
Portugal
|
Spain
|
Restoration of Portuguese independence from Spain
|
1680–1707
|
Maratha War of Independence
|
Maratha Empire
|
Mughal Empire
|
Mughals fail to annex Maratha Empire
|
1703–1711
|
Rákóczi's War of Independence
|
Hungary
|
Holy Roman Empire
|
Limited autonomy for Hungary within the Habsburg monarchy
|
1775–1783
|
American Revolutionary War (United States War of Independence)
|
United States
|
Great Britain
|
Independence of the United States from Great Britain
|
1791–1804
|
Haitian Revolution
|
Haiti
|
France
|
Independence of Haiti from France
|
1804–1813
|
First Serbian Uprising (Serbian Revolution)
|
Serbia
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Defeat of insurgents; Ottoman Empire retains control of Serbia
|
1808–1814
|
Peninsular War
|
Portugal
Spain
|
France
|
Independence of Portugal and Spain from France
|
1810s–1820s
|
Latin American wars of independence
|
Spanish Empire
|
Independence of many Spanish-American colonies from Spain
|
Argentine War of Independence |
Río de la Plata
|
Bolivian War of Independence |
Bolivia
|
Chilean War of Independence |
Chile
|
Colombian War of Independence |
Colombia
|
Ecuadorian War of Independence |
Ecuador
|
Mexican War of Independence |
Mexico
|
Peruvian War of Independence |
Peru
|
Venezuelan War of Independence |
Venezuela
|
1814
|
Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)
|
Norway
|
Sweden
|
Partial independence of Norway within the later United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
|
1815–1817
|
Second Serbian Uprising (Serbian Revolution)
|
Serbia
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Semi-independence of Serbia within the Ottoman Empire
|
1821–1829
|
Greek War of Independence
|
Greece
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Independence of Greece from the Ottoman Empire
|
1822–1824
|
Brazilian War of Independence
|
Brazil
|
Portuguese Empire
|
Independence of the Empire of Brazil from the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
|
1825–1828
|
Cisplatine War
|
Uruguay
|
Brazil
Río de la Plata
|
Disputed between the Empire of Brazil and United Provinces of the Río de la Plata. Independence of Uruguay from Brazil
|
1826–1831
|
Separation of Venezuela and Ecuador
|
Ecuador
Venezuela
|
Colombia
|
Venezuela and Ecuador declared independence from the Republic of Colombia. Dissolution of Gran Colombia and creation of the Republic of New Granada.
|
1830–1831
|
November Uprising
|
Poland
|
Russia
|
Defeat of Polish insurgents. Russian retains control of Poland, introduction of the Organic Statute of the Kingdom of Poland, liquidation of Polish autonomy.
|
1830–1839
|
Belgian Revolution
|
Belgium
|
Netherlands
|
Independence of Belgium from the Netherlands
|
1835–1845
|
Ragamuffin War
|
Riograndense Republic
|
Brazil
|
The Riograndense Republic is dissolved; reintegration with Brazil
|
1835–1836
|
Texas Revolution
|
Texas
|
Mexico
|
Independence of Texas from Mexico
|
1844–1856
|
Dominican War of Independence
|
Dominican Republic
|
Haiti
|
Independence of Dominican Republic from Haiti
|
1846
|
Bear Flag Revolt
|
California
|
Mexico
|
The California Republic declares independence from the Centralist Republic of Mexico. The republic is quickly annexed by the United States
|
1848–1849
|
Italian War of Independence
|
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
|
Austria
|
Sardinia-Piedmont defeated by the Austrian Empire; Italian unification not achieved
|
1857–1858
|
Indian War of Independence
|
India Pakistan Bangladesh
|
British East India Company
|
East India Company loses power to Great Britain, vide Government of India Act 1858.
|
1859
|
Second Italian War of Independence
|
Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
Lombardy–Venetia
Parma
Modena
Tuscany
|
Austria
|
France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia defeat the Austrian Empire; most of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia transferred to France and then to Piedmont-Sardinia; Duchy of Parma, Duchy of Modena, Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Papal Legations annexed by Piedmont-Sardinia
|
1861–1865
|
American Civil War
|
Confederate States
|
United States (Union)
|
Defeat and dissolution of the Confederacy; U.S. retains control of the South
|
1863–1865
|
January Uprising
|
Poland
|
Russia
|
Defeat of Polish insurgents; Russia retains control of Poland
|
1863–1865
|
Dominican Restoration War
|
Dominican Republic
|
Spain
|
Independence of Dominican Republic from 4 year occupation by the Spanish Empire; ousts Spain from Hispaniola
|
1866
|
Third Italian War of Independence
|
Veneto
|
Austria
|
Austrian Empire loses Veneto to Kingdom of Italy
|
1868–1878
|
Ten Years' War
|
Cuba
|
Spain
|
Defeat of insurgents; Spain retains control of Cuba
|
1869
|
Red River Rebellion
|
Métis
|
Canada
|
Establishment of Provisional government of the Red River Colony
|
1876
|
April Uprising
|
Bulgaria
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Defeat of Bulgarian nationalists by the Ottoman Empire; subsequent reprisals by the Ottomans led to the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–78 and the 1878 independence of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire.
|
1877
|
Romanian War of Independence
|
Romania
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Independence of Romania from the Ottoman Empire
|
1896–1898
|
Philippine Revolution
|
Philippines
|
Spain
|
Inconclusive; Philippines independence from Spain then achieved by Spanish–American War
|
1895–1898
|
Cuban War of Independence
|
Cuba
|
Spain
|
Independence of Cuba from Spain following four years of American occupation
|
1899–1913
|
Philippine–American War
|
Philippines
|
United States
|
Defeat of Philippine insurgents; United States retains control of the Philippines
|
1903
|
Separation of Panama from Colombia
|
Panama
|
Colombia
|
Separation of Panama from Colombia and construction of the Panama Canal
|
1916–1918
|
Arab Revolt
|
Hejaz
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Defeat of Arab aspirations for independence by post-World War I partition of Arab Ottoman Empire lands into protectorates controlled by United Kingdom and France
|
1917–1921
|
Ukrainian War of Independence
|
Ukraine
|
Soviet Russia
Poland
|
Independence of Ukraine from Russia; partition of Ukraine by Soviet Union and Poland
|
1918–1920
|
Estonian War of Independence
|
Estonia
|
Soviet Russia
|
Independence of Estonia from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR
|
1918–1920
|
Latvian War of Independence
|
Latvia
|
Soviet Russia
|
Independence of Latvia from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR
|
1918–1920
|
Lithuanian War of Independence
|
Lithuania
|
Soviet Russia
Poland
|
Independence of Lithuania from Russian Empire/Russian SFSR and Poland
|
1919–1921
|
Irish War of Independence
|
Ireland
|
United Kingdom
|
Anglo-Irish Treaty; Partition of Ireland; secession of 26 of Ireland's 32 counties (the Irish Free State) from the United Kingdom
|
1919–1923
|
Turkish War of Independence
|
Turkey
|
Ottoman Empire
Allies of World War I
|
Creation of the Republic of Turkey
|
1920–1926
|
Rif War
|
Republic of the Rif
|
Spain
|
Defeat of insurgents and Rif Republic; Spain retains control of Spanish Morocco
|
1936–1939
|
Waziristan Uprising
|
Waziristan
|
British Empire
|
Rebellion suppressed
|
1942-1947
|
Second Indian War of Independence
|
Free India
|
United Kingdom
|
INA captured parts of North-East India and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, later INA Trials triggered Bombay Mutiny & Royal Air Force mutiny which resulted in Indian Independence Act 1947[1]
|
1944–1948
|
Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
|
Israel
|
United Kingdom
|
Independence of Israel from the United Kingdom
|
1945–1949
|
Indonesian National Revolution
|
Indonesia
|
Netherlands
|
Independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands
|
1946–1954
|
First Indochina War
|
South Vietnam
Laos
Cambodia
|
France
|
Independence of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia from France; partition of Vietnam
|
1947–1949
|
1948 Arab–Israeli War, aka Israel's War of Independence
|
Israel
|
United Kingdom
Arab League
|
Defeat of Arabs; Israel retains independence
|
1952–1960
|
Kenyan Mau Mau Uprising
|
Kenya
|
United Kingdom
|
Defeat of insurgents; United Kingdom retains control of Kenya
|
1954–1962
|
Algerian War
|
Algeria
|
France
|
Independence of Algeria from France
|
1955–1972
|
First Sudanese Civil War
|
Southern Sudan
|
Sudan
|
Conflict between Sudan and South Sudan
|
1961–1974
|
Angolan War of Independence
|
Angola
|
Portugal
|
Independence of Angola from Portugal
|
1961–1991
|
Eritrean War of Independence
|
Eritrea
|
Ethiopia
|
Independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia
|
1961–ongoing
|
Papua conflict
|
Free Papua
|
Indonesia
|
Ongoing
|
1963–1974
|
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
|
Guinea-Bissau
|
Portugal
|
Independence of Guinea-Bissau from Portugal
|
1964–1974
|
Mozambican War of Independence
|
Mozambique
|
Portugal
|
Independence of Mozambique from Portugal
|
1966–1988
|
Namibian War of Independence
|
Namibia
|
South Africa
|
Independence of Namibia from South Africa
|
1967–1970
|
Nigerian Civil War
|
Biafra
|
Nigeria
|
Defeat and dissolution of the Republic of Biafra
|
1971
|
Bangladesh Liberation War
|
Bangladesh
|
Pakistan
|
Independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan
|
1975–ongoing
|
Cabinda War
|
Cabinda
|
Angola
|
Ongoing
|
1975–1991
|
Western Sahara War
|
Western Sahara
|
Morocco
|
Partition of Western Sahara between Morocco and Sahrawi Republic
|
1976–2005
|
Insurgency in Aceh
|
Free Aceh Movement
|
Indonesia
|
Special autonomy granted to Aceh, disarmament of the GAM
|
1981–1991
|
Somaliland War of Independence
|
Somali National Movement
|
Somalia
|
De facto independence of Somaliland from Somalia
|
1982–ongoing
|
Casamance conflict
|
Casamance
|
Senegal
|
Low-level conflict since 2014
|
1983–2005
|
Second Sudanese Civil War
|
South Sudan
|
Sudan
|
Independence of South Sudan from Sudan
|
1988–1994
|
First Nagorno-Karabakh War
|
Artsakh
|
Azerbaijan
|
De facto independence of the Republic of Artsakh from Azerbaijan
|
1988–1998
|
Bougainville Civil War
|
Bougainville
|
Papua New Guinea
|
Bougainville receives autonomy in 2002; voted in favour of independence in 2019
|
1990–1992
|
Transnistria War
|
Transnistria
|
Moldova
|
De facto independence of Transnistria from Moldova
|
1991–1992
|
South Ossetia War
|
South Ossetia
|
Georgia
|
De facto independence for South Ossetia from Georgia
|
1991
|
Liberation of Kuwait
|
Kuwait
|
Iraq
|
Part of the Gulf War; Kuwait regains independence
|
1991–1995
|
Croatian War of Independence
|
Croatia
|
Yugoslavia
|
Independence of Croatia from Yugoslavia
|
1991
|
Ten-Day War
|
Slovenia
|
Yugoslavia
|
Independence of Slovenia from Yugoslavia
|
1992–1995
|
Bosnian War
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
FR Yugoslavia[2]
Croatia[2]
|
Independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina from SFR Yugoslavia; the new country is divided between two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska[3]
|
1992–1993
|
War in Abkhazia
|
Abkhazia
|
Georgia
|
De facto independence for Abkhazia from Georgia
|
1993–1996
|
First Chechen War
|
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
|
Russia
|
Chechnya maintains de facto independence from Russia
|
1998–1999
|
Kosovo War
|
Republic of Kosova
|
Serbia & Montenegro
|
No legal changes to Yugoslav borders according to the Resolution 1244, but de facto independence of Kosovo from the rest of Yugoslavia
|
1999–2009
|
Second Chechen War
|
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
|
Russia
|
Defeat of Chechnya; reincorporation into Russia
|
2012
|
Tuareg rebellion (2012)
|
Azawad
|
Mali
|
Unrecognized independence of Azawad from Mali; renounced its independence in 2013
|
2014–ongoing
|
Russo-Ukrainian War
|
Ukraine
|
Russia
|
Also called a "rebirth," or a war of independence from Russia by some Ukrainian sources.[4][5][6]
|
2014–2022
|
War in Donbas
|
Donetsk People's Republic
Luhansk People's Republic
|
Ukraine
|
Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War; recognition of independence by Russia on 21 February 2022; annexed by Russia on September the same year.
|
2017–ongoing
|
Anglophone Crisis
|
Ambazonia
|
Cameroon
|
Ongoing
|
2020–ongoing
|
Western Togoland Rebellion
|
Western Togoland
|
Ghana
|
Ongoing
|